and older. Hence, we are left with the blanket statement that children are spared from severe COVID-19, an argument that is currently being used in many European countries, including the UK and Germany, to not vaccinate adolescents. Although few children become severely ill from SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with adults, the increasing number of delta variant infections will most likely result in preventable morbidity and mortality in this age group. Therefore, we call not only for pediatric clinical trials of antiviral drugs but, more importantly, for universal access to COVID-19 immunization for children and adolescents as safe and effective vaccines become licensed and available. 5
Background: Africa remains the epicenter of the global burden of malnutrition and the only region the number of stunted children is on the rise. A major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children, it has been associated with factors such as poverty, food insecurity, maternal education and socio-economic inequalities. The role of research publication has been noted in providing an important connection between knowledge creation and translation of evidence to practice. Therefore, to determine the trend and the efforts put in place to eliminate malnutrition in the African region, bibliometric analysis was used to cumulatively present research productivity. The aim of this study was to assess childhood malnutrition research productivity in Africa, quantifying gaps, the most significant factors associated with the citations and future bibliometrics study path. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted in December 2020 in order to obtain the childhood malnutrition research volume of each African country over a twenty-year period. The search was conducted and metadata of publications and articles gathered from the PubMed database using the PubMedR package. A comparative weighting for population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was done by calculating the ratio of the number of articles from each country to their respective populations and GDP. Poisson regression models were used to examine the publication productivity time trends over the twenty-year period. The association between research productivity, population size and GDP were examined using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A total of 11,758 articles on childhood malnutrition indexed on PubMed were returned and described in this study. Six countries-
HIV literature has grown exponentially since it was named the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bibliometric analysis is a practical approach for quantitatively and qualitatively assessing scientific research. This work aims to describe HIV research output in Africa by country from 1986 until 2020. We conducted a search of the PubMed database in June 2021 for a 35-year period spanning 1986 to 2020. We comparatively weighed for countries’ populations, gross domestic product (GDP), and the number of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) by calculating the ratio of the number of publications from each country. We used Poisson regression models to explore the trends in countries’ HIV research output over the study period. The Pearson correlation analysis assessed the association between research output, population size, GDP, and the number of PLHIV.A total of 83,527 articles from African countries on HIV indexed in PubMed were included for analysis. Republic of South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, and Nigeria account for 54% of the total indexed publications with 33.2% (26,907); 8.4% (7,045); 7.3% (6,118); and 5.1% (4,254), respectively. Africa’s proportion of the world’s total HIV publications increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 31.3% in 2020. There was a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between the total indexed HIV publications and countries’ GDP (r = 0.59, P<0.01), population (r = 0.58, P<0.01), and the estimated number of PLHIV (r = 0.72, P<0.01). The study found that Africa’s contribution to global HIV research output increased over the 35 years, but it remains relatively low compared to the continent’s burden of HIV infections. Our findings also revealed major differences in research output across sub-regions in Africa, with the Republic of South Africa having the highest output. The factors associated with HIV research output were economic strength, disease epidemiology, and population size.
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