Over the past decade, home-sharing has evolved from fringe activity to encompass a booming short-term rental (STR) market of global scale. This rise has not been without criticism, as Airbnb and other STR platforms have been charged with exacerbating over-tourism, gentrification, and housing issues and engaging in anti-competitive behaviour. On the other POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSAs a result of our analysis, we recommend that jurisdictions looking to manage the STR market consider the following recommendations and insights in establishing regulatory approaches:1. The STR market is diverse. Policymakers must account for the existence of a spectrum of host types-from unsophisticated home-sharers to professional STR businesses-and refrain from crafting regulations that conceive of all STR hosting as commercial activity.2. Relatedly, hosts and guests participate in the STR market for social, practical, and profitbased reasons, and policymakers must keep these distinct and overlapping motivations in mind. In particular, regulations should be designed to limit commercialization without undermining access to the social and practical benefits of STRs.3. The costs and benefits of STRs vary depending on the shape and nature of the market in a given jurisdiction, as well as the local context. Thus, effective regulation rests on the ability of policymakers to both understand local market dynamics and how they intersect community issues, as well as leverage such information to craft tailored solutions.4. The STR market confounds typical two-sided market models, given the active participation of platforms alongside hosts and guests. Common regulatory approaches are ill-suited to addressing the dynamics produced by this three-dimensionality, and thus jurisdictions will need to innovate beyond usual tools to ensure regulatory effectiveness. 5.As key market participants, platforms have vested interests, including in influencing policy and regulations. Regulators must understand the central role platforms play in shaping the market and regulatory spaces, and account for this in regulatory frameworks. 6. To address issues, such as lack of compliance, authorities might consider the merits of co-regulation, whereby platforms are given responsibility for certain regulatory functions.

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One of the methods of measuring the effectiveness of monetary policies is via inspection of monetary neutrality in the economy. It is a concept from classical economics and it suggests that changes in nominal variables do not have any impact on real variables. This paper studies the presence or absence of effective monetary policy in Nepal between 1975 and 2008 by observing money supply (nominal side), and real GDP (real). Results suggest that an increase in money supply immediately lowers the real GDP in the short run, but has no effect on real GDP in the long run. This evidence suggests that Nepal Rastra Bank’s monetary policies between 1975 and 2008 may have been counter-productive in the short-run, but they were effective for long-run growth and stability of the Nepalese economy.