The purpose of the current study was to detect the effects of different levels of rosemary volatile oil (VO) supplemented to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality parameters, and egg yolk oxidative stability. In this study, a total of 105 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) at the age of 6 weeks were used and 3 main groups were formed, each containing 35 quails. Also, each main group was separated into 5 replicates containing an equal number of quails. Quails were fed a control diet without rosemary VO or diets which were containing at different levels (200 or 400 mg/kg) of rosemary VO supplemented to the control diet. At the end of the study, which was continued for a total of 56 days, no significant difference was found in the feed intake, feed efficiency and egg weights among the control and experimental groups. The supplementation of rosemary VO at the levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg to the diets caused an increase in quails' egg production (P<0.01). However, there was no effect on the exterior and interior egg quality parameters. A significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in egg yolk were observed with both levels of rosemary VO at storage (+4 0 C) for 7 (P<0.001) and 28 (P<0.01) days. Considering these data, it was concluded that rosemary VO can be supplemented to laying quail diets as a natural antioxidant without negatively affecting performance and egg quality parameters.
The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of exogenous amylase during the transition period in dairy cows on dry matter intake and lactation performance. The effect of exogenous amylase supplementation on lactation diets with low starch concentration (19.5% of dry matter) and dry period diets with moderate starch concentration (15.5% of dry matter) was evaluated. A total of 30 multiparus Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups fed diets with (n=15) or without amylase (n=15). Treatments were granular amylase (0.5 g of Ronozyme RumiStar per kg of total mixed ration dry matter) or control. The research was conducted starting at 21 d prepartum until 84 d postpartum. Starch and neutral detergent fiber concentrations averaged 15.5±0.5% and 15.7±0.9%, 42.6±1.1% and 43.4±1.2% in close up diets and 19.8±2.9% and 19.4±0.5%, 33.6±0.8% and 34.2±0.6% in lactation diets for control and amylase, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and composition were evaluated for differences between treatments. Postpartum intakes of dry matter (DMI) and organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and starch intake were unaffected by treatment. Milk yield was not influenced by treatment, but numerically greater by 2.0 kg/d for cows fed amylase compared with control diet. The percentages of milk fat, protein and lactose were not impressed by treatment, however fat-, solid-, and energy-corrected milk were 2 kg/d greater for cows fed amylase diet than for cows fed control diet. Fat-, solid-, and energy-corrected milk feed conversions (kg/kg DMI) were 5 to 6% greater for cows fed amylase diet than for cows fed control diet (P<0.01). It was concluded that inclusion of amylase improved the feed efficiency of lactating cows fed a low starch diet, may offer for potential to increase milk yield; but the enzyme did not affect DMI.
The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of exogenous amylase during the transition period on total tract digestibility, rumen pH and blood urea nitrogen in lactating dairy cows. The effect of exogenous dietary amylase supplementation on lactation diets with low starch concentration (19.5% of dry matter) and dry period diets with moderate starch concentration was evaluated (15.5% of dry matter). A total of 30 multiparus Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups with amylase (n=15) or control (n=15). Three cows from each group were randomly selected and ruminally cannulated for digestibility trials. The research was conducted starting at 21 d prepartum until 84 d postpartum. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and crude protein remained unaffected by treatment in postpartum. Average pre-and postpartum rumen pH concentrations were 6.25 and 6.15, respectively, and did not differ between treatments. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were lower in cows fed amylase supplemented diet compared to those fed diet without amylase in both pre-and postpartum periods (P<0.001). In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of amylase did may not affect the digestibility of nutrients, however, it may decrease the BUN concentration in pre-and postpartum period for cows fed amylase. Therefore, it may offer potential for improving nitrogen efficiency in dairy cows.
Et, protein vitamin ve mineraller bakımından zengin olması nedeniyle insan beslenmesinde çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle etin raf ömrünü arttırmak amacıyla tarih boyunca tüm dünyada ülkelere, yörelere, iklim koşullarına ve tüketim alışkanlıklarına bağlı olarak çok çeşitli et ürünleri üretilmiştir. Et ürünleri, üretiminde kullanılan et, baharat ve uygulanan koruma yöntemlerine bağlı olarak farklılık
Bağırsak sağlığı; fizyoloji, mikrobiyoloji, immünoloji ve beslenme konularını kapsayan kompleks bir kavramdır. Kanatlı hayvanlarda bağırsak sağlığı ve beslenme arasında sıkı bir ilişki vardır. Bağırsak sağlığı bozulur ise; sindirim ve besin maddelerinin emilimi olumsuz yönde etkilenir. Bu durum büyüme performansını ve yemden yararlanmayı negatif yönde etkileyerek ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. Bu yüzden; kanatlı hayvanlarda bağırsak sağlığını etkileyen faktörler rasyonların formülasyonunda göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu derlemede; ekonomik bir kanatlı üretimi için önem taşıyan bağırsak sağlığı ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.
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