Rationale:Intragastric bezoar is a stony mass found trapped in the stomach, though it can occur in other locations of the gastro-intestinal tract. The etiology of intragastric bezoar is multifactorial, includes certain risk factors and predisposing factors such as coexisting medical disorders, anatomic abnormalities, and gastric motility disorders, which contribute to the development of intragastric bezoar.Patient concerns:In this report, we present a rare case of intragastric bezoar with epigastric pain after prolonged consumption of jujubes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of intragastric bezoar to be reported after jujubes ingestion.Diagnoses:An upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy performed which revealed an 8 × 5-cm intragastric diospyrobezoar with an adjacent necrotic pressure ulcer of size 0.8 × 0.5-cm without signs of bleeding.Interventions:For therapeutic intervention, Coca-Cola ingestion and lithotripsy were applied.Outcomes:The therapeutic course was uneventful. There was no recurrence during 1-year follow-up.Lessons:In our literature, jujube emerged as a new player. A bezoar composed of unripened fruit content in the stomach, could be the cause of chronic abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastric reflux or heartburn. Moreover, this study provides a detailed overview of recently published literature regarding intragastric manifestations of bezoar, etiological factors, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are getting more popular for deployment in surveillance related operations owing to their flexibility and ability to reach hazardous areas. Moreover, the quality of digital cameras is getting better, and they can capture and store more visual information in high-resolution images. Unfortunately, due to the resource-constrained nature of UAVs, storing such large images can exhaust memory and related resources; whereas, the transmission of these images over the public link can pose several security threats. Securing these critical images during transmission from unauthorized access can be achieved through the use of efficient encryption techniques. This article proposes a novel encryption scheme incorporating both confusion and diffusion for encrypting both grey-scale and color images. In the proposed-encryption scheme, the image blocks are rearranged using a combination of random permutation, rotation, DNA encoding and zigzag pattern. Next, a bit-plane extraction method is used to obtain eight different bit-planes, including the most and least significant ones, from the scrambled image. These extracted bit-planes are then processed using confusion and diffusion techniques with a secret key, which is created using a hyper-chaotic map. The proposed method for encrypting the images taken by unmanned ariel vehicles is evaluated by examining its security level and time complexity using evaluation metrics such as correlation, entropy, energy, histogram analysis, keyspace and key sensitivity. The results and analysis demonstrated that the proposed encryption algorithm is able to effectively secure digital images. Additionally, the proposed work is also found to be superior to existing methods when compared using statistical security metrics.INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicles, chaos theory, cyberattacks, DNA encoding
Objective: To determine the clinical features and echocardiographic findings among children presenting with Ebstein’s anomaly (EA). Study Design: Descriptive Case-series. Setting: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi Pakistan. Period: July 2021 to June 2022. Material & Methods: Children of both genders aged above 1 month up to 18 years, having echocardiographic confirmed EA were analyzed. Demographic data along with clinical features, presenting symptoms and echocardiographic findings were noted in all case. Results: In a total of 48 cases of EA, 38 (79.2%) were female. The mean age was 8.4±4.21 years. Cyanosis, exertional dyspnea, easy fatigue ability and exercise intolerance were the most frequent symptoms reported in 31 (64.6%), 27 (56.3%), 26 (54.2%) and 24 (50.0%) patients respectively. Arrhythmias and heart failure were the most frequent clinical features noted in 29 (60.4%) patients each. Small atrial septal defect (ASD) was noted in 27 (56.3%) patients while ventricular septal defect in 19 (39.6%) cases. There were 11 (22.9%) patients who presented timely with diagnosis of EA while 37 (77.1%) patients had late diagnosis. Conclusion: Majority of the patients with Ebstein’s anomaly were female. Cyanosis, exertional dyspnea, easy fatigue ability and exercise intolerance were the most frequent symptoms whereas arrhythmias and heart failure were the most frequent clinical features observed. ASD was the most commonly noted associated CHDs observed in almost half of the Ebstein’s anomaly case. Almost 3/4th of the patients had late diagnosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.