1. Many invasion hypotheses postulate that introducing species to novel environments allows some organisms to escape population controls within the native range to attain higher abundance in the introduced range. However, introductions may also allow inherently successful species access to new regions where they may flourish without increasing in abundance.2. To examine these hypotheses, we randomly surveyed semi-arid grasslands in the native and two introduced ranges (12,000-21,000 km 2 per range) to quantify local abundance (mean cover per occupied plot) and occurrence (percentage of 1-m 2 plots occupied) for 20 plant introductions that included pest and non-pest species.For each of these metrics, we evaluated relationships between abundance in the introduced vs. native range (1) across all species and (2) according to designated pest status in the introduced range. We predicted that if escape from population controls primarily explained invader success, then these species would be more abundant in the introduced range; while if invader success was driven primarily by intrinsic species attributes, then their abundance would be correlated between ranges.3. Across all 20 invaders, we found that neither cover nor occurrence metrics were correlated between ranges. While cover was significantly higher in the introduced range, this result was driven by pest species. When the four pest species were excluded, cover but not occurrence was correlated between ranges. Interestingly, whereas cover of pest and non-pest species was comparably low in the native range, pest species cover increased sevenfold in the introduced range. Synthesis.Our results confirm previous findings that local abundance in the native range predicts local abundance in the introduced range for many introduced plants, suggesting that intrinsic species' attributes may determine most invasion outcomes.However, we also found that some species increased in local abundance in the 728 |
Rhaponticoides mykalea (aydıngaşağı), nadir ve Güneybatı Anadolu'ya endemik bir bitki türü olup Asteraceae ailesi üyesidir. Türün yayılış gösterdiği habitatlardaki popülasyonların büyüklüğü gün geçtikçe azalmaktadır. Endemik ve/veya nadir bitki türlerinin yok olmalarını engellemek için etkili yöntemler geliştirebilmek ancak bu türlerin yaşam döngülerinin, ekolojik gereksinimlerinin, popülasyonların büyümesini ve yayılış alanlarını genişletmesini sınırlayan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve türe yönelik tehditlerin bertaraf edilmesi durumunda mümkün olabilir. Bu çalışmada, R. mykalea'nin taksonomisi, ülkemizdeki yayılışı, hayat döngüsü ve ekolojik gereksinimlerine ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir. Rhaponticoides cinsinin Ruthenicae seksiyonun bir üyesi olan R. mykalea'nin basionimi Centaurea mykalea'dir. R. mykalea toprak altı rizom gövdeye sahip çok yıllık, entemofil ve polikarpik bir geofittir. Hem rizomlarıyla vejetatif hem de tohumlarıyla generatif olarak çoğalır. Ancak doğal düşmanları türün tohumla çoğalmasını büyük oranda engeller. Doğu Akdeniz elementi olan R. mykalea, kalker anakayaya sahip killi tınlı topraklarda yayılış gösterir. Gölgeyi ve düşük pH'yı tolere edemez. Tür, deniz seviyesinden başlamak üzere 1200 m yüksekliğe kadar yayılış göstermektedir. Heliofit olan R. mykalea doğal habitatlarını tek yıllık ve oldukça hızlı büyüyen ruderal ve segetal birçok bitki türüyle paylaşmaktadır. Hayatta kalabilmek için bu türlerle rekabet etmek zorundadır. Popülasyonların doğal habitatlarında nesillerini sürdürebilmeleri, türün gelecek nesillere aktarımının sağlanabilmesi ve türe ait popülasyonların korunması için etkili kontrol programlarının geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Humanity has used plants for aesthetic purposes for centuries. Plants nowadays use cities for more livable habitats and similar purposes to satisfy the longing for nature of people who move away from nature due to increasing urbanization. So that plants attract attention as a commercial field plays a crucial role in economic development for many countries today. Our country, which is one of the richest geographies in terms of biodiversity globally, shows a total of 11466 plant taxa, 3800 of which are endemic. While the total number of plant species in all of Europe is around 12.000, in our country there are approximately 10.000 species. When the species and subspecies identified in recent years are added, around 12,000 taxa find natural habitats in our country. Mersin province is one of the important endemism centers of our country, with approximately 400 endemic species (endemism rate is approximately 23%). It is seen that the areas where geophytes spread intensively in the world are regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, which is humid and warm in winters and dry and hot in summers. The Mediterranean Basin, where our country is located, is the second richest geophyte region in the world. Mersin province is one of the provinces located in the Mediterranean Basin. Within the scope of this study, it is to determine the usability of endemic plant species that are naturally distributed in Mersin province as ornamental plants and to ensure that they gain economic value in the ornamental plant market. For this purpose, in our study, some monocotyledon taxa that have an ornamental plant potential from endemic plant taxa in Mersin have been determined, and photographs of these taxa are presented. The recommended taxa are geophyte taxa, and the fact that they only spread in our country (some only in Mersin) is of great importance in bringing these species into the landscape as ornamental plants. A total of 20 endemic taxa belonging to 5 different monocotyledon families identified in Mersin were determined. The endangered extinction of some of these taxa proposed as ornamental plants is also of great importance in ensuring their generation by bringing them into the landscape with various production techniques.
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