In this research the Composites of A356-Nano Al2O3 reinforced with different Wt. % were fabricated by(semi solid) double stir casting technique in order to improve the wettability and distribution of reinforcement particles within the matrix,. Semi-solid stir casting (SSC) techniques have proven useful in the mass production of high integrity castings for the automotive and other industries. In this process, the A356 aluminum alloy is heated to above its molten temperature. The melt is then cooled down to (580⁰C) a temperature between the liquid and solid points to a semi-solid state. At this point the preheated Nano Al2O3 reinforcement particles are warped with aluminum foil added and mixing at 450 r. p.m. the slurry is heated to a fully liquid state once again and mixed thoroughly for 30 mints. After applying Full heat treatments (T6) on a part of cast Nano composite ingots will provide for the samples; solution treatment consist of heating in an electrical furnace at 540⁰C (±1⁰C) for 6 hours and then quenching in water at room temperature. The Artificial aging treatment done at 180⁰C for 3 hours. The effect of heat treatment (T6) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as caste and A-356 aluminum matrix composites was studied. The microstructure ,porosity and distribution of Al2O3 nanoparticles for all samples A356 alloy were studied by optical microscope (OM) equipped with image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Also, the hardness and tensile strength of samples was investigated. The results showed, after full heat treatment the microstructure consists of hard intermetallic Mg2Si. The structure of the eutectic Si form to crash and spheroid sing and the Si particle become rounded). Significant agglomeration can be found in composites with different reinforcement percentage Nano particles Al2O3. Porosity will increase with the increase in the volume fraction of Nano Al2O3.Hardness, yield strength and tensile strength increase, but the elongation decreases with the increase in the wight fraction of the Al2O3 particles, indicating that increasing the wight fraction of the Al2O3 particles can improve the strength but degrade the plasticity of the composites.
Metallic bolted flanges and pipes have both been increasingly replaced by fibre-reinforced polymer materials in many applications which deal with extreme harsh environments such as oil, chemical, marine, etc. This is not only due to the fibre-reinforced polymer material’s resistance to the chemical reaction but also due to their inherent mechanical properties of high strength to weight ratio. However, very little research has been published regarding bolted flange joints made of fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Also, the availability of standards and relevant design codes are very limited for bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. Hence, the design guidelines, dimensional considerations and selection of fabrication methods for the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints have yet to be optimized fully. For instance, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section X and ASME PCC-1-2013 appendix O or other similar standards do not include specific rules for the design of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. As a result, it is difficult to understand the consequences on the reliability of fibre-reinforced polymer flanges made with parametric variations and dimensional alterations. This has led the authors to carry out research to maximise the performance of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints through a series of experimenters and numerical simulations. The present article will focus on the available techniques to manufacture the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flanges along with the associated issues and possible challenges compared to metallic flanges.
The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure.
The objective of this work is an experimental and numerical investigation for a bol Richard Cullen ted composite flange connection for composite pipes, which are used in the oil and gas applications, and obtain a joint with high strength and high corrosion resistance. For the experimental part, we have designed and manufactured the required mould, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange has been fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. Numerically, an investigation is carried out using 3D finite element analysis (FEA) of a bolted GFRP flange joint including flange, pipe, gasket and bolts. This model has taken into account the orthotropy of the GFRP material and the non-linear behaviour of the rubber gasket material for both the loading and non-loading conditions. Furthermore, the leakage propagation between the flange and the gasket has also been simulated in this investigation by using the pressure-penetration criteria PPNC in ANSYS. Finally, the flange has been tested under the internal pressure and the agreement between the experimental and numerical results is excellent.
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