A 250 nm thick pure tin film was deposited on quartz substrates by vacuum evaporation of 99.9% pure tin metal. The films were heated in a two-step annealing sequence for 3 h at 200 and 3 h at 400°C with an electric furnace to decrease their surface roughness. This process transformed the films into tin(II) oxide. Subsequently, the films were annealed at five temperatures for 3 h each: 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C. The crystal structure of the film on the quartz substrate was completely transformed into SnO 2 at 600°C. With the increase of annealing temperature to 1000°C, the size of the lattices appeared to decrease on the thin film. In addition, the annealing process led to the formation of pores on the surface, but the number of pores and the lattices volume decreased with increased annealing temperature. The optical properties of the thin film were characterized by the use of visible spectrophotometry which showed a high refractive index at around 2.082.27. Interestingly, the SnO 2 thin film with the highest refractive index at 2.27, which was obtained at 1000°C, exhibited the lowest Urbach energy. Therefore, the SnO 2 thin film has a high potential for optical applications, especially in dielectric waveguides and solar cells.
Abstrak: Material nonlinear menjadi material kunci atas teknologi komunikasi dan informasi modern. Perkembangan dunia optoelektronik seperti ultrafast switching, modulasi informasi berkapasitas tinggi, gerbang logika berbasis optik, dan pandu gelombang pembagi daya adalah aplikasi langsung dari material nonlinear. Dalam praktik pemanfaatan material nonlinear, sumber cahaya memiliki peran sentral. Hal ini disebabkan oleh amplifikasi intensitas sumber cahaya dapat menyebabkan munculnya efek nonlinear. Selama ini amplifikasi intensitas cahaya tersebut dilakukan melalui doped fiber amplifier (DFA). Harga EDFA di pasaran cukup mahal dan rancang bangun sistem penguatan optik EDFA juga memerlukan biaya yang sangat tinggi, termasuk pengadaan tools dan instrumen optik yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu alat yang mampu melakukan amplifikasi intensitas intensitas dengan biaya yang relatif ekonomis, yakni berbasis laser dioda dan menggunakan prinsip superposisi gelombang. Dalam pengujian melalui optical power meter, telah didapatkan nilai intensitas yang berasal dari 6 laser Visual Fault Locator yang dikopel menggunakan 1x8 splitter. Tanpa adanya kontrol fase, diperoleh hasil bahwa banyaknya laser yang menghasilkan intensitas terbesar adalah kombinasi 3 laser. Sedangkan, pada kombinasi 6 laser diperoleh daya yang lebih rendah dibandingkan daya 1 laser, hal ini menandakan bahwa kontrol fase menjadi sangat penting agar interferensi konstruktif dapat terjadi.Kata kunci: laser dioda, metode side-by-side combining, interferensi konstruktif, material nonlinear
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.