Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on its wall, forming atheroma plaques, which are composed of lipids and inflammatory cells. These plaques become thick, may suffer calcification and project themselves into the vessel lumen, determining blood flow change. Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of common carotid artery calcifications (CCAC) detected on panoramic radiographs (PR) in a group of Saudi population living in Abha region, and main risk factors. Materials and Method: The study is based on 412 Standard digital panoramic radiographs (Figure 1) retrieved from the archival records. All the panoramic radiographs were taken between 2010 to 2018 at the King Khalid University Faculty of Dentistry, The patients with or without dental problems were older than 18 years and treated with this clinic. Results: The study population consisted of total 412 , 190 of them males and 222 was females with age (range: 18-83 years) at the time of panoramic radiographs taken. Of the 412 individuals, 50 (12.2%) were detected to have common carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs. The 50 individuals who had common carotid artery calcifications consisted of 22 males (41.7%) and 28 females (58.3%). Discussion: Carotid artery calcification, especially close to carotid bifurcation, can result in important vascular obstruction causing stroke. Several factors for the stroke are stratified into no modifiable and modifiable risk factors. The former are gender, age, ethnicity, and heredity, and the latter are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, and carotid atherosclerotic disease. Conclusion: As a result, common carotid artery calcifications found as incidental findings on standard panoramic radiographs may be important markers for future coronary artery disease, strokes and death. panoramic radiographs should be carefully examined in the area of the carotid artery in not only patients with systemic disease such as diabetes, renal disease etc, but also asymptomatic patients.
Facial beauty and attractiveness have been linked to social perception, where people with more attractive faces are perceived to have higher athletic, social, and leadership skills. Smile and eyes were reported to be the most important factors regarding the hierarchy of characteristics for determining facial beauty, the purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the facial skin, facial aesthetic, oral mucosa. And record the changes in the facial expressions as a result of the effect of local anesthetic prior to the oral surgery and assess if the smile would be influenced by the local anesthetics, This Clinical study is performed in Oral and maxillofacial surgery department and dental clinics of Saudi Arabia. After the administration of the local anesthetic (4.0 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1: 80000 epinephrine) 9.8% of the patient showed an immediate area of facial blanching; perioral (4.9%), cheeks (3.3%), and periorbital (1.6%). whereas 90.2% of the examined patients showed no facial skin blanching, upon examination Signs indicating blanching were observed and area of skin blanching was noted in the forehead, periorbital, nose, chin, cheeks, perioral and periauricular areas of skin.
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