This in vitro study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.

Objective:This study evaluated the influence of coffee, tea, cola, and red wine staining on the color of teeth after home bleaching.Materials and Methods:A total of 45 samples were obtained from 45 sound maxillary central incisors. The home bleaching procedure was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide gel applied to the sample surface for a period of 6 h each day, for 14 days. After bleaching, baseline color measurements were taken, and the samples were immersed in four staining solutions (coffee, tea, cola, and red wine) or artificial saliva (n = 9). Following 15 min and 6 h of immersion on the first day and next day, respectively, the samples were washed with distilled water for 10 s. After 15 min, 6 h, 1 week, and 1 month immersions, the color values of each sample were remeasured and the color change values (∆E) were calculated. Color change analysis was performed using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test (P <0.05).Results:Of all the staining solutions, the lowest ∆E values were observed with coffee staining versus artificial saliva (control group), for all time intervals evaluated after whitening. Although no statistically differences were observed between the coffee and control group at all the time points evaluated, there were statistically significant differences between the red wine, cola, and tea solutions.Conclusion:Following tooth whitening, patients should avoid drinks that cause tooth staining, particularly red wine, tea and cola.

This study evaluated the bond strength of different adhesive agents to TheraCal LC and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and examined the morphologic changes of these materials with different surface treatments. A total of 120 specimens, 60 of MTA Angelus (AMTA), and 60 of TheraCal LC, were prepared and divided into six subgroups according to the adhesive agent used; these agents included Scotchbond Multipurpose, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Protect Bond, Clearfil S Bond, OptiBond All-in-One, and G-aenial Bond. After application of adhesive agents, Filtek Z250 composite resin was placed onto the specimens. Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine, followed by examination of the fractured surfaces. The surface changes of the specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were compared by two-way analysis of variance. Although no significant differences were found among the bond strengths of different adhesives to AMTA (p = 0.69), a significant difference was found in terms of bond strengths of different adhesives to the TheraCal LC surface (p < 0.001). The total-etch adhesive system more strongly bonded to TheraCal LC compared to the bond with other adhesives. TheraCal LC bonded significantly more strongly than AMTA regardless of the adhesive agents tested. Resin-modified calcium silicate showed higher bond strength than AMTA in terms of the composite bond to these materials with different bonding systems. On the other hand, the highest shear bond-strength values were found for composite bonds with the combination of TheraCal LC and the total-etch adhesive system. SCANNING 38:403-411, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background/purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess changes in the oral health status in a group of young Turkish dental patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from clinical and radiographic examinations of 659 patients (with a mean age of 14.2 AE 1.59 years, including 39% males and 61% females), who were being treated with a fixed appliance in both arches at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Changes in the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) counts and plaque index (PI) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using Wilcoxon and ManneWhitney U tests. Results: Total DMFT counts at the time of debonding were higher than at prebonding (P < 0.05) with no gender difference. The PI showed minimum values at the beginning of orthodontic therapy and maximum values at the end of therapy. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that DMFT counts and the PI increased in a group of young dental patients undergoing orthodontic therapy, and thus patients undergoing orthodontic therapy must follow very rigid oral hygiene protocols.

Objective:The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth number anomalies in a Turkish subpopulation.Materials and Methods:A population of 2722 patients (1532 females and 1190 males; mean age, 12.33 ± 2.5 years) was retrospectively examined to determine the prevalence and distribution of the hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia using panoramic radiographs. All permanent teeth were investigated except thirds molars and the data obtained were recorded as unilateral (left or right) or bilateral according to gender. Pearson's Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used for difference comparisons (P < 0.05).Results:Permanent tooth anomalies were found in at least 132 (4.84%) of 2722 patients with no statistically difference between the genders, consists of 4.63% females and 5.12% males. Distribution of hyperdontia was statistically significant difference between genders, whereas distribution of hypodontia and oligodontia was no significant difference between genders. Hypodontia was the most frequently observed anomaly (3.67%), followed by hyperdontia (0.96%), and oligodontia (0.21%). Oligodontia and hypodontia were more frequent in females (3.98% and 0.26%, respectively), whereas hyperdontia was more frequently observed in males (1.68%). Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth (2.27%), while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars.Conclusion:The prevalence of teeth number anomalies was 4.84% of dental patients. Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth, while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars.