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Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, and a high number of TB patients are coinfected with HIV. There is a need for more knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence in co-infected patients on concomitant treatment. The objective of this study is to assess treatment adherence among TB/HIV co infected patients in Ginnir referral hospital from March-April 2013. Institution based cross sectional study design was used to collect, analyze and summarize data from TB/HIV co-infected patients. The data was sorted manually and scientific calculator was used to compile and express in table and graphs. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, mean and median were used to analyze the data. Prior to data collection, permission request was obtained from Madawalabu University, Goba campus and it was submitted to Ginnir referral hospital's medical director. Respondents were told about the objective of this study, reassured for confidentiality and asked for consent. The results shown among the 53 TB/HIV co-infected patients, 11(20.7%) had missed taking both ARV and anti TB drugs at least once. Of these, 4 (36.4%) had missed the ARV treatment while remaining 7(63.6%) of them missed the anti TB medication. The result showed that, the main reason for missing the drugs was forgetting taking medication 6(54.6%). It can be concluded that the level of non adherence is relatively high and the main reason behind was forgetting distance from health institution and income related problems. Intervention s to reduce it need to be instituted such as adherence educations should have to be given for the patients to take the treatment by the recommended schedule and also family members and supporters should have to be told to remind and follow them carefully. On the other hand bringing the health service nearby might alleviate the problem of distance. In order to deal with the income related problems, Ginnir referral hospital should have to work in collaboration with NGOs and other fund raising institutions.

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Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) known as COVID-19 since its outbreak in 2019, more than 375 and 5.6 million were infected and dead, respectively. Its influence in all disciplines stimulated different industries to work day to night relentlessly to develop safe and effective vaccines to reduce the catastrophic effect of the disease. With the increasing number of people globally who have been vaccinated, the reports on possible adverse events have grown and gained great public attention. This study aims to determine post-COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects and associated factors among vaccinated Health care providers in the Oromia region, Ethiopia in 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 912 health care workers working in government hospitals in the central Oromia region from November 20 to December 15/2021. Respondents absent from work due to different reasons were excluded during the interview. The outcome variable was COVID-19 side effects (response as Yes/No). A descriptive analysis displayed findings in the form of the frequencies and percentages, and logistic regression was employed to see the association of different variables with side effects experienced. Result Overall, 92.1% of the participants experienced side effects either in 1st or 2nd doses of post-COVID-19 vaccination; 84.0% and (71.5%) of participants experienced at least one side effect in the 1st and 2nd dose of the vaccines, respectively. COVID-19 infection preventive protocols like keeping distance, hand wash using soap, wearing mask and using sanitizer were decreased post vaccination. About 74.3% of the respondents were worried about the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine they received. The majority (80.2%) of the respondent felt fear while receiving the vaccine and 22.5% of the respondents suspect the effectiveness of the vaccine they took. About 14.8% of the vaccinated Health workers were infected by COVID-19 post-vaccination. Engaging in moderate physical activity and feeling fear when vaccinated were the independent factors associated with reported side effects of post-COVID-19 vaccination using multiple logistic regression. Respondents who did not engage in physical activity were 7.54 fold more likely to develop post-COVID-19 vaccination side effects compared to those who involved at least moderate-intensity physical activity[AOR = 7.54, 95% CI;2.46,23.12]. The odds of experiencing side effects among the respondents who felt fear when vaccinated were 10.73 times compared not felt fear (AOR = 10.73, 95% CI; 2.47,46.64), and similarly, those who felt little fear were 4.28 times more likely to experience side effects(AOR = 4.28, 95% CI; 1.28, 14.39). Conclusion Significant numbers of the respondents experienced side effects post COVID-19 vaccination. It is recommended to provide pre-awareness about the side effects to reduce observed anxiety related to the vaccine. It is also important to plan monitoring and evaluation of the post-vaccine effect using standard longitudinal study designs to measure the effects directly.

Background: Diabetes self-care practice is essential to control illness. One's ability to manage diabetic self-care is influenced by a variety of circumstances. The Health Belief Model is critical for comprehending and designing context-specific strategies for this purpose. Therefore, this study aimed to assess self-care practice of patients with diabetes mellitus using the health belief model. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to May, 2021 at Adama Hospital Medical College and Asella Teaching and Referral Hospitals. A total of 420 diabetic patients were consecutively included in the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Binary and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the factors associated with self-care practices. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-value of 0.05 or less was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: Among the respondents nearly half, 48.1% (43.6, 53.1), were reported practicing good diabetes self-care. Respondents above high school (AOR=2.19, 95% CI= 1.09, 4.36), retired respondents (AOR=0.24, 95% CI=0.11, 0.50), those with no history of forgetting to take their medication (AOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.04, 2.66), those with good knowledge (AOR=1.81, 95% CI= 1.09, 3.01), respondents with moderate perceived susceptibility (AOR=0.42, 95% CI= 0.18, 0.98), high perceived severity (AOR= 0.33, 95% CI=0.19, 0.57), and a higher perceived barrier (AOR= 0.44, 95% CI= 0.24, 0.81) showed a significant association with diabetes self-care practices. Conclusions: Almost half of the participants practiced good self-care. Educational status, occupation, those with a history of forgetting to take their treatment, having good knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and barrier were significantly associated. Therefore, healthcare professionals and hospital administrators need to increase patients' perceived susceptibility and the serious complication of diabetes. Also, perceived barriers to self-care should be evaluated, and patients should actively be involved in tailoring required modifications to their routines.