The success of machine represented web known as semantic web largely hinges on ontologies. Ontology is a data modeling technique for structured data repository premised on collection of concepts with their semantic relationships and constraints on domain. There are existing methodologies to aid ontology development process. However, there is no single correct ontology design methodology. Therefore, this paper aims to present a review on existing ontology development approaches for different domains with the goal of identifying individual methodology's weakness and suggests for hybridization in order to strengthen ontology development in terms of its content and constructions correctness. The analysis and comparison of the review were carried out by considering these criteria but not limited to: activities of each method, the initial domain of the methodology, ontology created from scratch or reuse, frequently used ontology management tools based on literature, subject granularity, and usage across different platforms. This review based on the literature showed some approaches that exhibit the required principles of ontology engineering in tandem with software development principles. Nonetheless, the review still noted some gaps among the methodologies that when bridged or hybridized a better correctness of ontology development would be achieved in building intelligent system.

Salaudeen M.T. (2014): Relative resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus in rice. Plant Protect. Sci., 50: 1-7.We identified sources of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) resistance in rice cultivars. Eight cultivars together with susceptible and resistant controls were evaluated under screenhouse conditions as inoculated and uninoculated treatment in completely randomised design with three replications. Seedlings were inoculated with the virus by sap transmission at two weeks after sowing. Disease incidence and severity (scale 1-9: 1-3 = green leaves with sparse dots or streaks, 9 = yellow or orange leaves and some plant dead), yield, and agronomic traits were recorded. Data analyses included Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), independent t-test, and Analysis of Variance. According to differences in most measured traits control cultivars FARO 29 and Gigante were proved to be the most susceptible and partially tolerant ones, respectively. Cvs FARO 12, FARO 17, FARO 37, and FARO 52 were classified as partially tolerant. Uninoculated control plants performed better than the inoculated for all the yield and agronomic parameters. Reduction in plant height (6%) and number of tillers per plant (4.8%), increased days to heading (3 days), and reduction in paddy yield (6.5%) was lowest in cv. Gigante. Paddy yield per plant of the RYMV-inoculated was the highest in cv. Gigante (2.4 g). The rice cultivars which combined RYMV-resistance with high-yield could be utilised in rice breeding programmes in order to enhance food security.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract