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Deterioration in the environmental quality is a major threat to the sustainable development of an economy as it results in serious economic problems and the researchers are conscious about the environment sustainability. They have identified several factors including financial development, inflow of foreign aid, and openness of trade to promote environmental sustainability. Unfortunately, their findings remain inconclusive as they have imperfectly measured environmental sustainability. This study, thus, aims to contribute to the ongoing debate of environmental sustainability by testing the role of financial development, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting environmental sustainability by using adjusted net savings as a measure of environmental sustainability. To do this, the study collects data from 1996 to 2019. The study uses financial development, trade openness, and FDI as predictors and environmental sustainability as an outcome variable. The study applies Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) methodology to analyze the impact. The findings show positive contributions of financial development, trade openness, and foreign direct investment in promoting environment sustainability. We suggest encouraging trade through lower-taxation programs and increasing competition in the financial markets through privatization and domestic and international liberalization to stimulate environmental sustainability. We also recommend imposing high taxes and penalties on such activities that damage the quality of the environment.

Mango sudden death (MSD) or quick decline (QD) is the most destructive disease found in mango orchards of Pakistan and is characterized by collapse of the vascular system by Ceratocystis fimbriata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Cultural practices, chemicals, and biological control are the most valuable tools for the management of MSD, but the role of micronutrient deficiencies has remained an area that is heavily ignored by the farming community. To study the impact of micronutrients, four mango orchards were selected at different locations where different combinations of micronutrients, i.e., Zinc (Zn), Boran (B), and Copper (Cu) in the form of Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), Borax/Boric acid (H3BO3), and Copper Sulphate (CuSO4), were applied both foliar and in drench along with the recommended doses of Nitrogen: Phosphorous: Potassium (NPK), and Farmyard manure (FYM), respectively. The quantities of micronutrients were determined from the soil and leaves before and after application of the treatments. The impact of micronutrients was measured in terms of reduction in disease severity and increase in fruit yield. The results revealed that the application of all three micronutrients both in soil drench and in foliar form significantly decreased the disease severity at three locations and increased the yield in all four mango orchards. Application of ZnSO4 (0.8%), +H3BO3 (0.8%), +CuSO4 (0.5%) and as soil drench ZnSO4 (400 g) + Borax (200 g) + CuSO4 200 g plant−1 proved to be the best treatments, with an average of 12.88 and 14.03% reduction in disease severity and with an average yield of 128 and 119 kg, respectively. The application of micronutrients would be a promising solution in an integrated disease management program used to tackle MSD.