Augmented Reality (AR) as a learning media has a very great potential to help students learn history, including Indonesian ancient history. AR gave the opportunity for students to learn heritages from Indonesian’s ancient history, i.e. from Singhasari period, by scanning a marker that would show a 3D model in their smartphone screen. This research focussing on the effectivity of AR as media for history learning by comparing students’ score in a pre-test – post-test design. 30 students from 10th grade at a vocational high school involved in this quasi-experiment. Overall, the AR is effective as history learning media in improving students’ score.
Technology now is going more and more progressive. Some of lack the technology before is already success developed appropriate as human needed. Nowadays, technology exist in any kind of sectors including education. Therefore, the history learning should be developed, by using the most recent technology to support the process of learning. The contents about heritages in history lesson need a media that can help the students in learning. i.e. by using augmented reality that can illustrate the heritages in 3D. So the purpose of this research and development are to produce and examine the effectiveness of the historical learning media augmented reality card (ARC) based on main topic heritages of Singhasari Kingdom for students in X KPR 1 SMK Negeri 11 Malang. The method that used in this research is 4D model that developed by Thaigrajan, consist of 1) define, 2) design, 3) development dan 4) dissemination. The result of this research is showing the validation of the learning media who developed by media expert procure the value presentation s is 100%, while the content expert procure the value presentation is 89%. The result of the experiment of small group that consist by 7 students procure the value presentation is 98%. And the result from a large group that consist by 30 students procure the value presentation is 87%. So can be concluded that learning media ARC temples of Singhasari is very valid and very effective to be use in history lesson.
When the Dutch came to power in the East Indies Islands, indo-Europeans or mestizo or "anak kolong" were considered a bad image for Europeans. They were born as a result of marital relations between European men and bumiputra women. Europeans think that the mistresses (nyai) are guilty of the birth of Indo-European children. Though the combination of two cultures that enter the life of the community makes them accustomed to coexistence between the two. Classification in colonial societies made the difference even more pronounced, indo-Europeans increasingly marginalized by social gap and discrimination. Discriminatory policies that put Europeans first in terms of jobs, education, create resentment and frustration among Indo-Europeans. Those who are increasingly depressed due to the difficulty of living in the Dutch East Indies take shortcuts by committing criminal acts such as opium smuggling, theft, and prostitution. This article written with historiographical methods attempts to recount the lives of mixed-blooded populations as one of the contributions of the field of social history studies. This presentation is expected to be an alternative to historical discussions that may not be written much in the official historical narrative.Saat Belanda berkuasa di Kepulauan Hindia Timur, orang-orang Indoeropa atau mestizo atau anak kolong dianggap sebagai citra buruk bagi kalangan orang-orang Eropa. Mereka lahir akibat hubungan perkawinan/pergundikan antara lelaki Eropa dan perempuan bumiputra. Orang-orang Eropa beranggapan bahwa para gundik (nyai) bersalah atas kelahiran anak Indoeropa. Padahal perpaduan dua budaya yang masuk dalam kehidupan masyarakat membuat mereka terbiasa hidup berdampingan di antara keduanya. Klasifikasi dalam masyarakat kolonial membuat perbedaan semakin terasa, orang-orang Indoeropa semakin terpinggirkan dengan adanya kesenjangan sosial dan diskriminasi. Kebijakan diskriminatif yang mengutamakan orang-orang Eropa dalam hal pekerjaan, pendidikan, menciptakan rasa dendam dan ketidaknyamanan di kalangan orang-orang Indoeropa. Perempuan yang semakin tertekan akibat sulitnya kesempatan hidup di Hindia Belanda mengambil jalan pintas dengan melakukan tindakan kriminal seperti penyelundupan opium, pencurian, dan prostitusi. Artikel yang ditulis dengan metode historiografi ini mencoba untuk menceritakan kehidupan penduduk berdarah campuran sebagai salah satu kontribusi bidang kajian sejarah sosial. Pemaparan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif diskusi sejarah yang mungkin belum banyak ditulis di dalam narasi sejarah resmi.
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