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As profitability is a comparative measure that describes the associations of total amount of profit with different factors. This study examines the influence of commercial banks determinants on the performance of commercial banks in Pakistan over the time period from [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010]. Consistency in performance is the basic reason for smooth running and presence ISSN 2162-3082 2014 www.macrothink.org/ijafr 2 of every financial institution. Profitability is the most significant and consistent indicator as it contributes huge amount of profit that ultimately impacts its performance positively. The commercial bank's profitability is found out by the return on equity (ROE) and net-interest margin (NIM). Result indicates that the capital strength of a bank is utmost significance in affecting its performance, as a well-capitalized bank is observed to be less risky and such edge lead to high profitability. The assets quality, measured by the loans loss provisions, affects the performance of the banks positively and bank size as deposit indicates direct association with profitability as large banks earn more profit instead of small banks. Inflation and NIGI affects the bank's profitability inversely as increase inflation affects banks cost that increased and its earning main source is its fee that it charge on its services but free services without any charges decrease in gross income that lead a reduction in profit. This study is important and worthwhile for all commercial banks mangers regarding performance decisions of banks. As the development of the banking sector depends profoundly on strong decision making that leads to the efficiency and performance. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting

The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between financial leverage and the performance of Textile Composite Companies of Pakistan. Pakistan Textile Composite Companies which are listed in PSX (100-index) are selected.5-year data is collected from 2011-2015 and top 16 companies are selected as a sample. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a regression model to identify the results. Results show that financial leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm ROE and financial leverage has a positive and significant effect on firm ROA. Further study indicates that the high-interest rate and more amount of debt decrease the value of equity and has a negative impact on firm performance. On the other hand, the amount of debt has a positive impact on firm ROA. Results show that financial leverage has a positive impact on firm performance if the amount of debts do not exceed the amount of equity.

ObjectiveHuman adenoviruses are small double stranded DNA viruses that provoke vast array of human diseases. Next generation sequencing techniques increase genomic data of HAdV rapidly, which increase their serotypes. The complete genome sequence of human adenovirus shows that it contains large amount of proteins with unknown cellular or biochemical function, known as hypothetical proteins. Hence, it is indispensable to functionally and structurally annotate these proteins to get better understanding of the novel drug targets. The purpose was the characterization of 38 randomly retrieved hypothetical proteins through determination of their physiochemical properties, subcellular localization, function, structure and ligand binding sites using various sequence and structure based bioinformatics tools.ResultsFunction of six hypothetical proteins P03269, P03261, P03263, Q83127, Q1L4D7 and I6LEV1 were predicted confidently and then used further for structure analysis. We found that these proteins may act as DNA terminal protein, DNA polymerase, DNA binding protein, adenovirus E3 region protein CR1 and adenoviral protein L1. Functional and structural annotation leading to detection of binding sites by means of docking analysis can indicate potential target for therapeutics to defeat adenoviral infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2992-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A large population is not only the burden to a country's economy but can be a threat to the environment. However, the role of the population density in the quality of the environment is silent in the literature. On this note, the current study focuses on the effect of population density on ecological footprints in Pakistan for the period from 1981 to 2016 in the framework of EKC theory. The result from the autoregressive distributive lag model summarized that the effect of population density on ecological footprint is negative and statistically significant, implying that population density does not contribute to environmental degradation. No causality is evident in economic development and ecological footprint. Unlike others, the findings of this study suggest that if the population is suitably spread, it can help to reduce environmental degradation. Moreover, policymakers need to reconsider the density of the population to avoid an ecological deficit.

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By considering two time windows of crises, first one is the time period of Asian financial crisis (1997-1999) and the other one is prevailing global economic crisis (2007-2009), the pattern of underpricing and aftermarket performance are studied. A sample of 626 companies and Market adjusted return model are used. Result indicates that in the recent global economic crisis IPO activity is on shrinking trend and there is 10% increase in average underpricing as compared to last Asian financial crisis. There is a fluctuating trend in aftermarket performance of IPO returns. A minimum return of 62% in 2009 is observed. This study also endeavors to examine the efficiency of Chinese stock market and how the Asian and global financial crisis influences the efficiency of Chinese stock market. In order to determine the efficiency of Chinese stock market we apply efficient market hypothesis of random walk. Here we apply ADF, DF-GLS, PP and KPSS tests on stock market returns in order to check the unit root in data series for both Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges separately. The results of the study shows that Chinese stock market is weak form efficient and past data of stock market movements may not be very useable in order to make excess returns. In both periods of crises Chinese stock market is observed weak form efficient.

By taking a longer period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) this study examines the stock price reaction to the announcement of different equity issues in China. Initially, the study documents the announcement effects of Right issues and Public Offerings (SEOs). Secondly, it adds to the previous literature by keeping in view three successive announcement dates for SEOs as event dates i.e. Board of directors meeting date (BOD), shareholders' meeting date and announcement date to public. Findings suggest that market react positively to the announcement of right offerings while SEOs convey negative signals to market. Consistent with earlier studies on Right issues announcement effects around different event dates, SEOs price effects are also more significantly negative around BOD date. For shareholders' meeting date less significant response is observed, while around announcement date again more negative significant returns are observed, more than shareholders' meeting date but less than BOD meeting date.