Objectives:To find out the association between Thrombomodulin gene polymorphism (C1418T) with coronary artery disease in population of Karachi, Pakistan.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Tabba Heart Institute in collaboration with the National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi. We compared C/T dimorphism in 92 cases with 90 control subjects by allele-specific amplification. The results of PCR were confirmed by Gene sequencing. All the laboratory methods were strictly in compliance with the international standards. All variables that were either statistically significant in the univariate analyses or potentially important with respect to prevention or biologically relevant variables were included in logistic-regression analyses. Potential confounding was assessed with the use of multivariate models adjusted for participant’s characteristics and other major risk factors for coronary artery disease. All reported p values are two-tailed, with statistical significance at p value < 0.05.Results:The frequency of CC, C/T and TT genotype was 81 (90%), 6 (6.7%) 3 (3.3%) in controls and 67 (72.8%), 20 (21.7%) and 5 (5.4%) in cases respectively. In cases group the CT/TT genotypes were found to be significantly highly represented among the patients with coronary artery diseases when compared with control group (p-value 0.009).Conclusion:TM C1418T polymorphism emerges as a risk marker in Coronary Artery Disease patients in the population of Karachi, Pakistan.
To assess the seasonal effects on water & osmotically-active ionic contents (Na+, K+ & Cl-) of skeletal muscles of the spiny-tailed lizard Uromastix hardwickii. Fresh animals (adults) of both the sexes were used in all the experiments, and the gastrocnemius (skeletal) muscles were dissected out, reptilian buffer solution was used to keep dissected muscles moist & used during experimentation. The muscle sample solutions were prepared by heating/drying and incinerating/ashing the muscle tissues, treating with acid and deionized water respectively. These samples were then used for the estimation of Na+, K+ & Cl-ions. The water content was found as percent wet muscle weight. The average mean values of water content and these osmotically active ionic contents were found to fall significantly (P<0.05) from peak winter towards peak summer & vice versa. The seasonal effects of these parameters, studied for the first time in the skeletal muscle of Uromastix hardwickii, displayed changes as the animal passed from one seasonal phase to another. Hence seasonal changes are invariably associated with changes in environmental temperature, and definitely responsible to change the active behavior and homeostasis of these animals from summer towards winter by variations in blood borne humoral and hormonal substances along with significant changes in osmolality and tissue water contents.
Objectives: To assess the association of hemoglobin with blood pressure in adolescent’s students. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Physiology Department of Baqai Medical College Karachi. Period: 6 months from February 2017 to August 2017. Sample Size: A total of 500 adolescents students of MBBS, BDS and DPT were enrolled in this study. Sampling Technique: Non probability consecutive sampling. Material & Method: A total of 500 students of MBBS, BDS and DPT were enrolled in this study after fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria and was conducted after taking ethical approval from Baqai medical university. Complete Blood Count examination was carried out by Sysmex (XS-1000i) as to determine and record hemoglobin levels, blood pressure (BP) was measured by using sphygmomanometer with stethoscope and Anthropometric measurements were done. Data of study were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Results: The comparison of anemia prevalence in study participants for different categories of systolic and diastolic blood pressure had showed significant association for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (X2=12.036, p=0.002 and X2=8.300, p=0.016 respectively). Conclusion: It showed positive association of hemoglobin with blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in this study.
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