<p class="Abstract">The study was aimed to validate the traditional uses of <em>Polypodium vulgare</em> in disorders associated with smooth muscle contraction and to describe its possible underlying mechanism(s) by using <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experimental techniques. Rhizome’s extract of <em>P. vulgare</em> reversed the high K<sup>+ </sup>(80 mM) and carbachol (1 µM) mediated contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum (5 and 10 mg/mL), trachea (5 and 10 mg/mL) and urinary bladder (3 and 10 mg/mL), with higher potency against carbachol than high K<sup>+</sup>, similar to dicyclomine. A rightward shift in carbachol cumulative response curves was observed in the presence of crude extract (1-3 mg/mL), similar to dicyclomine. Crude extract exhibited a dose-dependent (300-500 mg/kg) protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Presence of dual blacked mechanism behind the smooth muscles relaxant effect of the crude extract, unveil medicinal significance of <em>P. vulgare</em> in GIT, respiratory and urinary bladder disorders.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://youtube.com/v/Ya9Rhtlg3bE">Tissue preparation</a>: 3 min 5 sec</p><p> </p>
In the present study crude powder and various extracts of Teucrium stocksianum were evaluated for anti-diabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Crude extract significantly reduced blood glucose level of normal and diabetic rabbits. The results were comparable with standard drug glibenclamide. Ethyl acetate extract (500 mg/kg) produced maximum decrease in blood glucose level among all the extracts and was selected for further study. Ethyl acetate extract significantly inhibited rise in glucose level in normal rabbits after an oral glucose load. The extract showed synergistic effect with different doses of insulin. Serum insulin level of diabetic rabbits was also significantly increased by the extract. HbA1c level was significantly (p<0.05) reduced whereas hemoglobin level was significantly increased by the extract. It is concluded that ethyl acetate extract may be a good remedy to manage diabetes and its complications.
Article Info
Aims: Berberis lycium (Sumbal) is abundantly available in the northern areas of Pakistan and extensively used in local practice for the treatment of several human diseases. The objective of this study was to explore pharmacological basis for its use in gastrointestinal disorders. Materials and Methods: Crude aqueous (Bl.Aq) and methanolic (Bl.Meth) extracts of B. lycium were studied on isolated gut preparations of rabbit (jejunum) and guinea pig (ileum) by using in-vitro techniques. Tissues were mounted in tissue organ baths assembly containing physiological salt (Tyrode's) solution, maintained at 37ºC and aerated with carbogen, to assess the spasmogenic and spasmolytic effect and to find out the possible underlying mechanisms. Responses were measured on BioScience Powerlab data acquisition system by using isotonic transducers. Results: Phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of alkaloids, tannins and saponins in Bl.Aq and Bl.Meth. when tested on spontaneously contracting isolated rabbit jejunum, showed a dose-dependent spasmogenic effect at lower concentration (0.01-0.1 mg/mL) and (0.01-0.03 mg/mL), which was followed by spasmolytic effect at higher concentration (0.3-1.0 mg/mL) and (0.1-0.3 mg/mL) respectively.
This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author MSR performed the experimental work, managed the literature searches and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript, author MAC designed the protocols of study, supervise the study, wrote the final draft and performed statistical analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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