A transient unimodel for reacting pellets is considered with various modes of heat and mass
transfer and structural changes for wood pyrolysis. Pellet breakup was found to be possible
from strength calculations. This leads to an increase in the number of pellets and a decrease in
the resistance to heat and mass transfer. The pressure and temperature buildup within 2.7
mm thick pellets was measured for wood pyrolysis/combustion experimentally. The bimodal wood
pyrolysis was analyzed, and the rate constant and activation energy were found. Pellet breakup
may also be used as a transient catalytic process where the catalysts become smaller as they
break up in time.
RC circuits are ubiquitous. They are the most common entities in modern electronics; introductory physics courses typically include a chapter and a lab on RC circuits. Several papers dealing with many aspects of RC circuits have been published in The Physics Teacher and other educational journals. An RC circuit contains a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor (with resistance and capacitance R and C, respectively). In this circuit the capacitor stores electric charge, and the resistor controls the rate of charging or discharging. The potential difference (ΔV) across a discharging capacitor is given by the following exponential function of time (t)
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