It is well known that sperm motility is the most important parameter in measuring sperm quality. Sperm motility can be measured manually by a medical veterinarian or using Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) system. Measuring bull sperm motility manually is the most popular method nevertheless it has major drawbacks which are subjective and high variability. CASA gives consistent results, hence it is an expensive system. Therefore, an alternative method is required. In this paper, a method to measure bull sperm motility was proposed, It was using ellipse detection and sperm head direction angle. The video samples were taken using a digital microscope. Compared with the manual assessment by medical veterinarians, the proposed method gave the average absolute margin of 5.16% which surpassed the previous method which gave 10.69%.
This study investigated the performance of a single-stage scroll compressed air source heat pump coupled with a flash tank indirect vapor injection. In the refrigerant circulating piping of the heat pump, an indirect vapor injection piping connecting a flash tank at the refrigerant outlet of a condenser and the suction of a scroll compressor was designed. By the indirect refrigerant vapor injection from the flash tank, the saturation pressure and temperature of the refrigerant (R134a) in the evaporator can be raised and the sub-cooling of the refrigerant at the inlet of expansion valve can be enlarged as well. Thus, energy consumption of the compressor can be reduced and cooling capacity of the evaporator can be boosted. It was found that the suitable amount of indirect vapor refrigerant strongly depends on the operational environmental temperatures. By adjusting the suitable indirect vapor injection volume into the compressor, the performance of the heat pump was enhanced. In this study, a suitable indirect vapor injection volume was found and 5~15% performance increments can be obtained while the heat pump operated under ambient temperatures in a range from 5°C to 35°C.
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