The distribution of the deceased’s estate depends on the smooth process of estate administration. Apart from the personal representative, the beneficiaries hold a significant role in the administration, not as recipients of the deceased’s estate but as participants in the estate administration process. Despite the clear laws governing the succession matters in Malaysia, issues of delay in distribution of estate continue to occur, being the result of unresolved disputes between the beneficiaries. As a result, there are over sixty billion ringgit worth of unclaimed estate in Malaysia as reported by various sources, indicating the seriousness of the matter. This paper addresses the problems of delay in the administration of the estates and analyzes its causes and implications. The lack of knowledge and the attitude of the beneficiaries has been identified as the key factors which lead to such problem. This paper is based primarily on the analysis of written sources namely conference papers, textbooks, statutes, case laws, journals and other library-based documents. The findings in this article show that there is a need for a cohesive approach to educate the beneficiaries of the law and to change their attitude in understanding their actual roles in the deceased’s estate administration.Keywords: Estate administration, asset distribution, beneficiaries, attitudes and lack of knowledgeCite as: Drs Nasrul, M.A., Mohd Salim, W.N. (2018). Administration of estates in Malaysia: Determinant of factors behind the delay in the distribution of the deceased’s asset. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(1),75-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp75-86
Muhammad Amrullah Drs Nasrul, Wan Noraini Mohd Salim , Muhamad Helmi Md Said , Siti Nuramani Abdul Manap Abstract: The administration of estate formally commences upon the application by the beneficiaries to the related administrative bodies. The application marks the beginning step in the administration of estate since the application is an essential process in obtaining the letters of representation. With the existence of multiple administrative bodies in Malaysia, one needs to ensure that the application is made to the right administrative body. Furthermore, the administration of estate needs to be promptly settled to avoid any unwanted consequences, hence justifying the need for the early application by the beneficiaries. However, some beneficiaries deliberately stall the application, which is detrimental to the administration of estate. Confusion in identifying the right administrative body as well as the wrong perception of the beneficiaries of the administrative bodies have been identified as the causes behind the late application. This paper addressed the jurisdiction of the administrative bodies in the administration of the deceased’s estate in Malaysia through the comparative approach in classifying the different roles and authorities of each administrative body. The writing involved the research method by way of a library-based study whereby the data were collected from multiple sources including conference papers, textbooks, statutes, case laws, journals and other materials. The finding points out several suggestions including the need for collaboration between the society and the government in relaying the information regarding the actual impression of the administrative bodies in the administration of estate. Keywords: Administration of estate, Administrative bodies, Letters of representation, Beneficiaries. Abstrak: Pentadbiran harta pusaka bermula dengan permohonan oleh benefisiari terhadap badan-badan pentadbiran. Tindakan ini dianggap sebagai langkah permulaan dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka kerana ia merupakan proses utama dalam mendapatkan surat perwakilan. Dengan wujudnya beberapa badan pentadbiran di Malaysia, adalah perlu untuk memastikan bahawa permohonan itu dibuat terhadap badan pentadbiran yang betul. Selain itu, pentadbiran harta pusaka perlu diselesaikan dengan segera bagi mengelakkan sebarang akibat yang tidak diingini, dan ini menunjukkan bahawa perlunya sesuatu permohonan awal dilakukan oleh benefisiari. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat sesetengah benefisiari yang sengaja melewatkan permohonan dan ini telah memberi kesan negatif terhadap pentadbiran harta pusaka. Kekeliruan dalam mengenal pasti badan pentadbiran yang betul serta persepsi negatif oleh benefisiari terhadap badan-badan pentadbiran merupakan antara punca di sebalik kelewatan dalam membuat permohonan terhadap pentadbiran harta pusaka. Artikel ini menjelaskan bidang kuasa badan-badan pentadbiran dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka di Malaysia melalui bentuk perbandingan dengan mengklasifikasikan peranan setiap badan pentadbiran. Penulisan ini melibatkan kaedah penyelidikan melalui kajian berasaskan perpustakaan di mana data dikumpulkan daripada pelbagai sumber termasuk kertas persidangan, buku teks, statut, kes undang-undang, jurnal serta bahan-bahan lain. Hasil penemuan daripada artikel ini antaranya menyentuh berkenaan cadangan perlunya kerjasama antara masyarakat yang kerajaan dalam menyampaikan maklumat tentang peranan sebenar badan-badan pentadbiran dalam pentadbiran harta pusaka. Kata kunci: Pentadbiran harta pusaka, Badan pentadbiran, Surat perwakilan, Benefisiari.
The concept of dual justice system practiced in Malaysia governs the area of inheritance where there is a notable difference between Muslim and non-Muslim estate administration. While the non-Muslims deal solely with civil court, the Muslims are governed under both civil and Syariah Court. For Muslims, reference to Syariah Court is required for the purpose of obtaining the fara’id certificate, prior to the application to other administrative bodies. Having to deal with multiple bodies tends to lead to a confusion among the Muslims as to which institution should they approach, signifying the extra commitment that they will have to make. The complexity of the process encountered by the beneficiary results in discouragement to proceed the administration which eventually led to delay in estate administration and distribution. The lack of understanding regarding the function of the Syariah Court holds as a key factor to this ongoing issue. This paper adopts the librarybased research which focuses on the analysis of written sources including but not being limited to journal articles, statutes, case laws and text books. In its findings, this paper states that there is a need for the government to re-look into the structure of the administrative bodies by making proper amendments in order to simplify the current process of the Muslim estate administration.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) provides for seventeen universal objectives in which three of which are related to the administration of estate namely no poverty, zero hunger and gender equality. Issues on sustainability in estate administration are commonly associated with problems that occur during the management of the deceased’s estate. Issues such as disputes among family members and mismanagement of asset by the personal representative or senior family members often lead to delays in the estate administration. Over the years, inefficiency in the administration of the estate process has led to financial instability such as poverty and in an extreme situation, hunger of the deceased’s family members as their entitlement over the asset was jeopardised by the mismanagement and unfair distribution of the estate. This paper addresses the sustainability issues in estate administration where the focus of the discussion is the issues of disputes among the family members. This paper also suggests a resolution of the dispute by way of mediation process, which is capable of maintaining sustainability in estate administration. Employing a qualitative approach, the paper adopts a research method through a library-based study by examining materials including statutory provisions, case laws, textbooks, journal articles, newspapers, conference proceedings and seminar papers. The research found that preserving a good relationship between the family members is one of the keys to ensure smoothness and consistency in estate administration, hence contributing to the sustainability of the deceased’s family members as well as adhering to the SDG.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis 1). perkembangan penerimaan zakat di BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi; 2). perkembangan penyaluran zakat di BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi; 3). Menganalisis efektifitas penerimaan dan penyaluran zakat di BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi. Data yang digunakan adalah data selama periode Tahun 2009 – 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: 1) perkembangan penerimaan zakat pada BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi secara rata-rata adalah sebesar 36,41 persen pertahun; 2) Perkembangan penyaluran zakat di BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi secara rata-rata adalah sebesar 37,82 persen pertahun; 3) Efektifitas penerimaan dan penyaluran BAZNAS Provinsi Jambi secara rata-rata adalah sebesar 96,82 persen atau masuk kategori efektif. Kata kunci : Penerimaan Zakat, Penyaluran Zakat, Efektifitas REFERENCES Anonim. 2010. Peta Kemiskinan Dompet Dhuafa. Asnainu, 2008. Zakat Produktif dalam Perspektif Islam. Bengkulu: Pustaka Pelajar. Asy-Syanannawi. 2004. Ketika Hati Berbicara. Jakarta : Pustaka Azzam Al-Jaziri. 2002. Fiqh Empat Madzhab. Jakarta : Darul Ulum Press. Bariadi, Lili dkk. 2005. Zakat dan Wirausaha. Jakarta : CV. Pustaka Amri. Daud, Ali Muhammad. 2006. Sistem Ekonomi Islam Zakat dan Wakaf. Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia Departemen Agama RI, 2007. Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Pemberdayaan Zakat.Jakarta. Dirjen Bimas Islam Dan Haji. 2008. Panduan organisasi pengelolaan Zakat, Jakarta : Departemen Agama RI. Hafidhuddin, D. 2002. Zakat dalam Perekonomian Modern. Gema Insani Press, Jakarta Harlik,H.; Amri,A.;Hardiani,H.(2013). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan dan Pengangguran di Kota Jambi. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah. 1(2), 109-120 Helmanita, Karlina. 2005. Filantropi untuk Keadilan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Jakarta : PBB UIN. Keputusan Presiden RI No 8 Tahun 2001 Tentang Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 373 Tahun 2003 Tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat. Nopriansyah, N; Junaidi, J; Umiyati, E. (2015). Determinan Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah; 2(3). Puspita. 2010. Penyaluran Dana Zakat Untuk Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Imam Hanafi (Studi Terhadap BaZIS Kotamadya Jakarta Selatan). Jakarta : tidak dipublikasikan Qadir, A., 1998. Zakat dalam Dimensi Mahdah dan Sosial.Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Qardhawi, 1999. Hukum Zakat, Terjemahan Salman Harun, Didin Hafidhuddin dan Hasandi), Bandung : Mizan Qardhawi, Y. 1996. Fiqhuzakkah (Muasah Dar-Salam), terjemahan Hukum Zakat (Studi Koperatif Mengenai Status dan filsafat Zakat Berdasarkan Al-qur’an dan Hadist). Bogor : Pustaka Litera Nusantara. Qardhawi, Y. 2011. Hukum Zakat: Studi Komparatif mengenai Status dan Filsafat Zakat Berdasarkan Qur’an dan Hadis, Cetakan Keduabelas. Bogor: Pustaka Litera AntarNusa. Risfiatin. 2012. Efektifitas Penerimaan dan Penyaluran Zakat Melalui Badan Amil Zakat Daerah (BAZDA) di Kabupaten Sarolangun Periode 2005-2012. Skripsi : tidak dipublikasikan Singarimbun, Masri. 2010. Metode Penelitian survey. Jakarta : LP3ES
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