In this study the length-weight (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLR) were carried out for Indus Mahseer, Tor macrolepis, from the Haro River and Nalah Kala, Attock, Pakistan. A total of 118 specimens were used to estimate the relationship parameters. The results of LWR (W = a TL b ) from five different sites indicated W = 0.0044 TL 3.14 , W = 0.0054 TL 3.08 , W = 0.0059 TL 3.21 , W = 0.0076 TL 3.12 , and W = 0.0107 TL 2.99 , respectively, with an overall value of W = 0.0100 TL 2.94 . All regressions for LLR were highly significant (P £ 0.001), with coefficient of determination (r 2 ) values of > 0.90. All relationships for LWR and LLR were found to be isometric. T. macrolepis is principally a herbivorous bottom feeder, mainly feeding on aquatic plants and algae, supplemented by insects.
Current era is called era of internet technology. Internet provides platform where various channels are just one click far away. The core aspire of this research study was to explore internet use for educational learning targeting public universities female students belonging to Punjab Pakistan. The study recorded student's internet usage pattern, level of usage, preferred viewing sites, favorite visiting sites, and most usage time and core reasons of using internet. It also analyzed demographic information of respondents such as hostelries or home, class and urban or rural areas. The study crossed checked the opinion regarding internet usage as well as demographic characteristics. The data was collected using survey methodology. A total sample size of N=1157 respondents were taken from six selected public sectors universities with highest student statistical rate using multi-level sample technique. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and study focused how female university students think about internet as a medium of educational learning at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate level. The study concluded that internet usage is more common and is the source of inspiration among female for educational learning and enhanced learning trends and searching educational content. Using internet causes dual learning i.e. educational and technological for female and due to multimedia content, internet is a more effective source of learning for female than text books.
Objectives: To find out the role spiritual and existential wellbeing in health promoting lifestyles that are mediated through perceived health status in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients. Methodology: After obtaining approval (reference #331) from Institutional Review Board of the affiliated university as sample of 257 males and 228 females consecutive CHD patients (age range 18-65 years; M = 47.56, SD = 2.30) meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Patients who suffered from strokes or other chronic diseases like hypothyroidism, cancer, liver or renal malfunctioning were excluded from the study. Participants were requested to complete three scales (and a demographic form) that included Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12HS), and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II). Data was collected from outdoor patients at a public hospital in Lahore, Pakistan between November 5 and March 31, 2021-22, and correlations were run across constructs using a macro-process (version 3.3) in SPSS (version 26.0). Results: Results indicated that spiritual (religious and existential) wellbeing had a significant direct effect on health promoting lifestyles significant at p < 0.001. Further, results showed a significant direct and indirect path coefficients of physical and mental health components of perceived health status with spiritual, religious, existential wellbeing, and health promoting lifestyles but not for physical functioning and bodily pain, p >0.05. Conclusion: Spirituality and positive health perceptions for cardiac patients can maintain their health through engaging in healthy lifestyles. Study highlighted the importance of adopting such perceptions to relieve cardiac symptoms to avoid further complications.
Climate change is a global phenomenon; its outcome affects societies around the world. Due to the systemic effects of climate change, Pakistan frequently suffers from natural disasters. The present study explored the press coverage and framing trends about three climate issues (1) Climate change and global warming (2) climate change and water scarcity (3) agriculture and food security. The study was based on content analysis. In this research, editorials of four newspapers; The Nation, The News, Nawa-i-Waqt and Jang were examined during 2011 to 2018. It was census study and all editorials were examined during the period of 8 years. The results showed that all four newspapers highly covered issues of water scarcity in Pakistan and however, gave less coverage to the issue of agriculture and food security. Thus, overall editorial coverages increase with every passing year and mainstream Pakistani press framing trends were remain very positive and suggestive.
Climate change is a global phenomenon; its outcome affects societies around the world. Climate change has become the greatest severe issue of the 21st century. Climate change has a large influence on the atmosphere, farming, health zone, flood, ecology, marine and water levels in Pakistan. When these environmental changes affect the natural system, they may affect the living being indirectly or directly. Due to global warming, Pakistan is frequently suffering climate changes and water resources decline. Pakistan has the 135th position in terms of (CO2) releases but unfortunately has been ranked 7thposition in terms of vulnerability to climate changes. The present study explored how climate change has affected the water resources of Pakistan, why the dams are necessary and what consequences might seem in the upcoming and what kind of strategies should be adopted by the government. There is a need that concerned departments should take action on an emergency basis to increase water storage capacity and construct dams in the interest of future generations.
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