Pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) that known as “Carnivorous plants”, has a role in CO2 absorption. However, how much contribution to the CO2 absorption has not been studied. This study was aimed to provide information on CO2 absorption of some Nepenthes species particularly lowland species. This study was conducted at Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong-West Java in June 2014 . A portable LCi ADC Bioscientific Ltd. Photosynthesis System was used to measure the absorption of CO2 directly. Measurement was conducted on 45 individuals of 15 species of Nepenthes with three replications for each species. The results showed that there was a variation of CO2 absorption rate on the lowland Nepenthes species, which was between 3.74 to 12.15 µmol m-2 s-1. The highest CO2 absorption was N. mirabilis (12.15 µmol m-2 s-1), followed by N. gracilis (9.71 µmol m-2s-1) and N. reinwardtiana (9.30 µmol m-2 s-1). While the lowest CO2 absorption occured in N. ampullaria (3.74 µmol m-2 s-1), N. hispida (3.75 µmol m -2 s-1) and N. bicalcarata (4.53 µmol m-2 s-1). Mature leaves of each species were recorded to have a highest CO2 absorption, transpiration and chlorophyll content than those of the young leaves.
The objective was to describe morphology, structure of anatomy, and cytology characters of the five species as well as to determine their differences each other. In the present study five Nepenthes from West Kalimantan were evaluated: N. veitchii, N. negleta, N. bicalcarata, N. clipeata, and N. hirsuta. Morfology analysis of five species Nepenthes showed different morphology in particular shape of pitcher that each species have a unique pitcher. Cytology analysis showed high variation between species. In general, it was demonstrated that N. bicalcarata tended to have bigger epidermal cells and stomata. N. bicalcarata had aktinocytik tipe of stomata and N. clipeata, N. veitchii, N. hirsuta, and N. negleta had anomocytik tipe of stomata. Stomata only had on the lower surface except N. negleta had stomata on the upper too. N. negleta had the higher of density and index stomata. The result of transversal showed variation of mesofil tissue (parenchim of palisade and spons). Epidermis cell was conducted in one layer with hipoepidermis cell more than one layer with the biggest size than epidermis cell. N. veitchii had more tricoma from the others species.
Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. merupakan jenis endemik dengan status konservasi rentan (vulnerable) menurut IUCN Red List. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi, asosiasi, dan keterancaman habitat N. bicalcarata di Cagar Alam Mandor, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis vegetasi, asosiasi jenis tumbuhan menggunakan indeks Ochiai, dan metode unsupervised classification pada citra Landsat 8 untuk mengetahui perubahan penutupan lahan. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data vegetasi tumbuhan menggunakan sepuluh plot berukuran 10Í10 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa N. bicalcarata tersebar di delapan dari 14 kabupaten/kota di Kalimantan Barat. Populasi N. bicalcarata pada hutan kerangas berjumlah 300 individu/ha dan dan berasosiasi dengan jenis pohon Cratoxylum glaucum, Gymnostoma nobile, Antidesma coriaceum, Ficus variegata, dan Tristaniopsis merguensis. N. bicalcarata juga berasosiasi dengan Nepenthes lainnya, seperti N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis dan N. hookeriana. Perubahan penutupan lahan yang signifikan mengakibatkan peningkatan luasan areal terbuka dan pertambangan, sehingga mengancam habitat dan populasi N. bicalcarata. Kelimpahan N. bicalcarata di CA Mandor diprediksi akan semakin berkurang dengan adanya ancaman perubahan penutupan lahan tersebut. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, jenis ini perlu dilindungi dan dijaga kelestariannya di alam.
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