This study has identified the key factors of workplace creativity in the higher educational institution. Previous studies have provided evidence of the positive correlation between the performance level of students and employees. Similarly, past studies have also explained the close association between favorable cultural conditions and workforce performance. One of such cultural conditions is the culture of creativity and innovation. Many institutions are unable to perform due to lack of motivation among employees to exercise creativity in their work, which is the indication of weak cultural manifestation that provides support for creativity and innovation. Current study has identified twelve key visible practices among employees in the higher educational institutions from the past literature. These indicators were employed to factor-out four latent constructs: presence of challenge in job, motivation to take up the challenging tasks, freedom and flexibility in doing job, and availability of enough resources to experiment. Data was collected from 191 employees in eight institutions of higher education in UAE by using creativity scale questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was initially employed to verify the structure of the proposed path model, and then relationships between indicators and underlying contracts were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis. Findings show that leadership role is an important element for the development of creative practices among employees, which provokes innovative approach in performing jobs. Employees are motivated in facing the challenges and finding the creative solutions. The study provides valuable information to the leaders in higher educational institutions and policymakers about the importance of the cultural factors which could be used as a criterion identifying presence or absence of workplace creativity and innovation.
Purpose One aspect of agency theory suggests that dominant shareholders use the firm’s assets for their personal benefits and 1thus expropriate minority shareholders (tunneling). Accordingly, this paper aims to examine the effect of capital structure and cash holding decisions on minority shareholders' expropriation for short and long periods. Design/methodology/approach Data of 16 years (2000-2015) has been obtained from 200 non-financial firms registered at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study used fixed effect and autoregressive distributed lagged to obtain the results. Findings The results suggest that the presence of more debts in capital structure is positively associated with minority shareholders' expropriation, whereas a negative association has been found between the level of cash holding and minority shareholders expropriation. These results have been observed as significant both for the short and long run. Research limitations/implications This study also suggests some important measures to control minority shareholders' expropriation by the dominant shareholders and thus to protect their rights. Originality/value There is a lack of literature for this severe issue in the developing countries especially Pakistan, so this study narrates the potential measures to the regulatory authority of the market to curb tunneling and to protect minority shareholders.
The aim of this study is to find the moderating role of cognitive style index on servant leadership style and leadership effectiveness relationship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 415 teaching staff from public and private universities. A total of 200 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis. Bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. It is concluded that cognitive style index does acts as moderator voluntary subordination, covenantal relationship and transcendent spirituality while for other it does not act as moderator. So, it means that these variables can bring change in the effectiveness of leaders while making decision to serve for society, community, employees, followers or customers.
This research examines comparative effects of corporate governance internal mechanism on Profitability (ROA/ROE) in financial vs non-financial firms indexed on Pakistan Stock Exchange.The data of 296 firms (both types of firms) was taken from companies' audited accounts and various available documents of the State Bank of Pakistan for the period of 14 years (2001-2014). Panel data study is conducted as the data have the characteristics of both time series and cross-sectional. Multiple regression and fixed effect methods were employed to analyze the given dataset. Results revealed significance of both board characteristics and managerial ownership in the profitability of the selected companies.
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