The concept of leadership can be approached thorough various points of views including administrative, army, community and spiritual or from business perspectives. The author discusses the concept of Leadership as observed through literature survey about the Leadership qualities of our beloved Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) and his Sahaba (R.A). This paper aims to provide an analysis of a religious aspect of Leadership and its importance in the lives of every Leader especially Chief Executive Officers (C.E.Os). This paper discusses key attributes needed in an effective Leader from Islamic perspective and how these attributes can be made part of the practical lives of today's leaders like CEOs. The key word "lead" means "to show the pathway". The leader can drive persons forward with a vision to accomplish the common objectives. A true leader must have some universal inevitable characteristics such as self-
ERP systems are the backbone of global supply chain, while their success and failure determines the fate of the business. With enormous competition and ever increasing challenges in boundless trading, the IT linkages and E-Business involve extensive customization. There are many researches on the implementation facilitators and barriers in all types of organizations throughout the world but limited literature can be found in work specific to Pakistan. This study brings out the critical factors that drive a successful ERP system in Pakistan and also discusses the pitfalls to be avoided in order to prevent a disaster. Through this study, the critical success factors and the main challenges for implementation of ERP in Pakistani organizations have been recognized. In this way, suggested to localize for ERP implementation in Pakistani organizations.
This multiple case study aimed to develop an understanding of science teachers’ interpretations and enacted practices about policy documents’ recommendations for developing critical thinking skills among secondary students in public schools. Four public secondary schools were selected through the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected in three different phases. First, four education policy documents, including National Education Policy (2009) and National Curriculum for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Grades IX-X (2006), were analyzed. In the second phase, 12 science teachers from four public schools (3 from each school teaching Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) were interviewed. Besides, these 12 science teachers were observed (every six times) while teaching in a real-life context through video-recorded classroom observations and reflective field notes. With the facilitation of NVivo 11, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from all sources. The findings revealed that critical thinking was emphasized in all policy documents, and different pedagogical practices for developing critical thinking were suggested to be used in science classrooms. Analysis of interview data revealed that teachers had some awareness about critical thinking. Furthermore, the classroom observations revealed that they were mainly using the lecture method with some other pedagogies without focusing on critical thinking. A top-down change is also recommended for the implementation of the policies. The assessment system might also be revised, focusing on critical thinking skills development.
Purpose-Keeping in view the increasing demand of knowledge management, Researchers has recognized the need for structures for appraising the influence of knowledge management (KM) on organizational performance (OP). Despite of the wide performances of KM, at present there is no uniform structure for evaluating the OP. The basic intent of this study / research is to plan the appropriate methodologies to evaluate the impact of KM to enhance OP. Methodology-At the end of this paper, the author proposes a theoretical model based on comprehensive and inclusive researches in the extent of KM and OP. Findings-Through a wide-ranging organization of KM practices, the probable model discovers the influence of each KM practice on enlightening the level of OP. Conclusion-The suggested model can play an important part in the management of the processes of KM execution in order to explore as it affects on OP.
Human resource management works in the area of an organization's processes and policies by managing the human resources in it. Islamic boarding schools are da'wah and da'wah institutions that require HRM to achieve their expected goals. A strategy is needed to achieve the intended goals, including setting the direction of the organization, making environmental analysis, formulating strategies, implementing starategi, and evaluating. The presentation in this report uses the Preliminary formation, discussion and closing. Data collection uses a qualitative-descriptive and analysis-critical approach. Data sources are extracted from the literature relating to the formulation of the problem.
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