Background: Burnout and physical activity (PA) are two critical determinants of health. The burnout and PA of the university teachers in Pakistan are not well, established. The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the level of physical activity in university teachers. Methodology: The sample of university teachers (n=505) was drawn from 14 public/private universities in Peshawar using a partly convenient, non-probabilistic method based on an exhaustive and up-to-date database of all universities in Peshawar. Data were collected on these parameters: socio-demographics, anthropometrics (body weight, height, and body mass index: BMI), Burnout using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES), and PA level. The global Physical Activity Questionnaire developed by WHO (GPAQ-WHO) was used. Results: The sample consisted predominantly of males (78%) with a mean (SD) age of 37.5 ± 7.9 (Range: 28 – 60). The results demonstrated that 19% of university teachers suffered from burnout syndrome, with most of those with job experience <10 years. The mean PA for all the respondents was 955.1 MET minutes/week, with significant differences in PA levels of male and female teachers from public vs. private universities (p, for all trends < 0.05). The proportion of physically active university teachers was 63.6% (95%CI 56.6 to 68.2), with a higher proportion of university teachers without Burnout Syndrome being physically active than those with Burnout Syndrome (73.5% (95%CI 68.1 to 79.3) vs. 21.6% (95%CI 16.5 to 24.6). Only a small number of university teachers could achieve the recommended levels of PA with differences between genders and university types. Conclusion: Work-related burnout is seen in teachers with poor physical activity, and females are mostly affected. Public sector universities showed a greater burnout rate. The public sector needs to revitalize the staff and train them to manage their workload efficiently.
The data on age at first calving for 539 records of crossbred cows of differentfilial/genetic groups were considered for the present investigation. These crossbreds belonged to eightfilial/genetic groups (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 and F8) maintained at Livestock Experiment StationQadirabad District Sahiwal from 1991 to 2014 (24 years). The duration of 24 year was divided into 6periods (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) of four years each. Each year was further divided into threeseasons as winter (November-February), summer (March- June) and spring (July-October) on the basisof geo-climatic conditions prevailing in the region. The overall population mean of age at first calvingwas determined 1261.88±9.934 days. The analysis of variance revealed significant effect of period ofcalving on age at first calving. The finding of this study shows that age at first calving was subjected tonon-genetic factor. Effect of season of calving on age at first calving was non- significant whichindicate breed characteristic to adaptation with environment. Meanwhile effect of filial/genetic groupwas significant on age at first calving. Therefore, from the result of this investigation it can bedetermined that improving the feeding, health and other husbandry practices are essential to enhancethe performance trait of this herd.
meantime to return to work following percutaneous transpedicular fixation versus open pedicle screw fixation. We evaluated the average time required to return to work following percutaneous transpedicular fixation versus open pedicle screw fixation in traumatic lumbar spine injury. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 60 patients. At study entry baseline demographics (age, gender, & duration of injury) were recorded. 30 patients were in the percutaneous transpedicular fixation group (A), while 30 patients were in the open pedicle screw fixation group (B). All the patients were followed every month time taken to return to work (TTRW) was noted on a proforma. Results: Mean time taken by patients to return to work after surgery in Group A was 2.9 days, while in group B it was 5.1 days in group B. The difference between the two groups was significant (p-value 0.001). Within Group A, male and female genders showed a significant difference (p-value 0.032) in the TTRW after surgery. However, Group B did not show a similar difference between male and female patients. Duration of procedure had a significant effect on the TTRW (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: We found ‘ time is taken to return to work’ was 2.93 ± 0.82 in group A and 5.10 ± 0.71 in group B (P-value 0.001). There was a significant difference in both groups. Percutaneous transpedicular fixation is a fast, safe and effective method as compared to other methods.
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