Objective:To find out the prevalence of Migraine among patients of Depressive Disorder.Methods:A descriptive cross sectional study, conducted at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, JPMC, Karachi from 1st January 2014 to 30th June 2014. Total 272 patients were enrolled in the study. Depressive disorder was diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria and Migraine headache as ICHD-2 criteria for diagnosis.Results:A total of 272 patients with mean age of 31.85 ± 8.7 were enrolled. Out of 272 cases 64% were females; Out of total cases 86.4% were married. Migraine with aura was seen among 6.6% and migraine without aura was present among 26.1%. Migraine was linked more with females and married and of those having severe Depressive disorder.Conclusion:Migraine headache is common among depressed people, particularly females and having severe depression, so it ought to be remembered that while looking for Depressive disorder or headache the other condition must be remembered.
Introduction: Psychoactive drug use is a continual and chronic psychological and physical disease that is characterized by persistent substance use, regardless of detrimental results. Hepatitis B, C and HIV infections constitute serious healthcare issues worldwide. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HBV, HCV, and HIV among Injection Drug Users (IDUs), visiting a tertiary care centre at Karachi, Pakistan, co-relation with socioeconomic status, type of substance use and duration of substance use. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, JPMC, Karachi. Period: 5th Aug 2016 to 5th Feb 2017. Material and Methods: Total 280 cases of both genders having Injection Drug Use history were enrolled in the study. Non-probability (consecutive) sampling was done. The data was analysed on SPSS version 20.0. Results: The average age of patients was 32.26 ±9.83 years. Majority 256 (91.4%) were male. Out of 280, 142 (50.7%) were married, 108 (38.6%) were single, 20 (7.1%) were widow and 10 (3.6%) were divorced/separated. Most of patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Opioids were the most common substance used and most of patients were using substance for more than 2 years. Majority of patients were preliterate or educated till primary and were jobless. HCV was predominantly present followed by HBV, HIV as 47 (16.8%), 22 (7.9%) and 9 (3.2%) respectively. Conclusion: Frequency of infections with HBV, HCV and HIV is quite high and alarming.
Introduction: Bipolar Affective Disorder is a chronic, recurring illness. There is evidenced relationship between life events (particularly adverse interpersonal events) and the onset of bipolar episodes. Objective: To determine the association of different Psychosocial risk factors for relapse in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD) of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. Period: January 2016 to July 2016). Subjects and Method: Total 146 patients of both genders aged between 18 to 60 years were enrolled in study. Diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder was based on diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases 10th version [ICD-10]. For the identification of psychosocial factors Holmes and Rahe stress scale was used. Results: A total of 146 patients of both genders with average age of 31.44 ± 10.40 years. Among 146 cases, 97 (66.40%) were males and 49(33.60%) were females. Out of 146, 79(54.10%) were married, 61(41.80) were single. Among 146 patients the psychosocial factors were identified individually. The death of spouse, recent marriage, marital separation and death of close family member or friend, pregnancy were the psychosocial factors associated with relapse with p-value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: The psychosocial factors or adverse life events do trigger the course of Bipolar Affective Disorder. The major negative life events such as death of spouse or close family member or friend, the marital issues are predominant.
Objective: To measure treatment readiness in patients with opioid use in the form of problem reorganization, desire for help and taking steps.Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted at the Institute of Behavioral Sciences (IBS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was from 1st January 2018 to 1st June 2018. Those patients who fulfilled the criteria of the dependent on opioids as per the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) were enrolled in the study. Those who were using substances other than opioids such as Cannabis or having organic brain disorder such as dementia were excluded from the study. Treatment readiness was measured by The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale (SOCRATE). The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0.Results: Of the 120 participants, 96 (80%) were males while 24 (20%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 31.57 ± 8.71 years. Among all 48 (40%) were married. Majority of patients 54 (52.9%) were employed. Almost two-thirds were in favour of the strongly agree option as per the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale. While talking about ambivalence 54% strongly agreed that they were ambivalent about their addiction. Twenty-one per cent strongly agreed that they have taken steps to quit. Statistically age group, gender, marital status, educational status and occupational status were not significant.Conclusion: As the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale, mostly opioids usersstrongly agree for treatment as well as recognition of their problems and desire for change.
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