Secondary metabolites perform diverse ecological functions in plants, providing defense against abiotic and biotic stresses and acting as a powerful antioxidant agent. The level of metabolites in each organ or tissue changes with time and the developmental stage of the plant, which determines its response to stress. However, few studies of the secondary metabolites of sugarcane, a major global crop, have been reported. This study focuses on the primary and secondary metabolites and their antioxidant activities in new and mature leaf blades of 12 sugarcane varieties. We observed that levels of primary metabolites such as amino acids, total glucose contents, and carbohydrates were higher in the young leaves than in mature leaves; in contrast, the mature sugarcane leaves showed a higher level of synthesis of secondary metabolites (such as phenolics, flavonoids, etc.) compared to that of new leaves. Interestingly, the antioxidant activities were higher in mature leaves than in new leaves. The mature leaves of Taitang172 and ROC22 possess a high total flavonoid content, and these varieties showed maximum antioxidant activities among 12 sugarcane varieties. This study provides a broad snapshot of secondary metabolites and their antioxidant activities in (new and mature leaves) different sugarcane varieties. It enhances our understanding of the metabolic localization in different leaf tissues. We speculate that exploring the metabolome through qualitative and quantitative profiling enables a more comprehensive examination of foliar metabolites.
Present study aimed to investigate phytoconstituents, total phenolic and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and biochemical composition of the leaf extract of Artemisia argyi L. Qualitative analysis was conducted using standard methods however, total phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride colourimetric method and 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Compositional analysis was carried out by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The outcome of the qualitative analysis suggested the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and flavones except for alkaloids and glycosides. However, total phenols recorded were 16.89, 7.45 and 3.63 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g; flavonoids 20.80, 7.13 and 2.42 mg quercetin equivalent QE/g and DPPH inhibition percent was 81.48, 65.62 and 57.78% from 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd extraction, respectively. GC-MS analysis exposed the existence of ten biological compounds corresponding to 99.91% of the total extract. However, erucylamide (33.42%), 1-decene, 4-methyl-(12.63%), myo-Inositol, (10.42%), α-Cadinol (9.13%) and 2pyrrolidinone (8.68%) were the major compounds with five minor compounds. It was concluded that the leaves of A. argyi contain biological constituents responsible for antioxidant properties which can be introduced as a natural antioxidant pharmacologically and as botanical alternative of synthetic chemicals. However further studies are required on identification of specific components responsible for such activities.
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