Natural disasters as natural phenomena are unavoidable in human’s life. The phenomena of natural disasters can be found in the Pangujanan text. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of natural disasters represented in the Pangujanan text and to reveal the signs or symbols of the disasters. Qualitative descriptive research method is used to reveal the types and signs of a natural disaster phenomenon. In interpreting the sign, semiotic theory is needed to present it systematically. The results of this study indicate that (1) the natural disasters depicted in the Pangujanan text are earthquakes, heavy rains, thunderbolt, hurricanes, and flash floods which are narrated based on Balinese local wisdom, (2) natural disasters in the Pangujanan text as signs have given a rise to some interpretations, namely (a) some natural disasters as results of the practice of reducing rain as narrated in the Pangujanan text, and in this case, disaster mitigation is needed, and (b) some natural disasters as forces of the practice of making rain narrated in the Pangujanan text. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that in the past, knowledge about natural disaster phenomena was narrated in a text, and in this study, we look at natural disaster phenomena narrated through the Pangujanan text. The benefit that we can take from this study is as disaster knowledge contained in ancient manuscripts.
This study aims to compare the texts of Aji Saraswati (AS) from three texts of Shivaism's traditions in Java and Bali. The data sources used in this study are the texts of Aji Saraswati (AS), Bhimaswarga (BhS), and Jatawedana (JW), which are ancient manuscripts and have transformed into text editions. Philological work steps were carried out to process data in the form of ancient manuscripts and literature studies to collect data in the form of text editions of previous studies. In data analysis, this research used comparative or comparative literature studies. This study found that there are comparisons in the form of similarities and differences in symbolical meaning in structure, written media, and mysticism in Aji Saraswati in various texts from Java to Bali. This comparison can be evidence of the transmission of texts to various regions from Java to Bali. It then rebuts common assumption that this Shivaism literature was originated in Bali and transmitted to the other regions in Indonesia. Keywords: Aji Saraswati, Balinese, Comparative Studies, Javanese, Symbolical Meaning, ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan pada teks Aji Saraswati (AS) dari tiga tradisi teks keagamaan Siwa di Jawa dan Bali. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teks Aji Saraswati (AS), Bhimaswarga (BhS), dan Jatawedana (JW), baik manuskrip kuno maupun yang sudah menjadi edisi teks. Langkah kerja filologi dilakukan untuk mengolah data yang berupa manuskrip kuno dan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data berupa edisi teks penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Dalam analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan studi sastra bandingan atau komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbandingan berupa persamaan dan perbedaan makna simbolik dari struktur, media tulis, maupun mistisme dalam Aji Saraswati di berbagai teks dari Jawa hingga Bali. Perbandingan tersebut dapat menjadi bukti adanya transmisi teks ke berbagai daerah dari Jawa hingga Bali. Studi ini membantah asumsi bahwa literatur Siwaisme berasal dari Bali dan tersebar ke wilayah lain di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Aji Saraswati, Bali, Jawa, Makna simbolik, Sstudi Perbandingan.
Indonesian government has officially announced the long-term decision to relocate the capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, specifically in the districts of Penajam Paser Utara and Kutai Kertanegara. The announcement invites scholars and experts to deliver their opinions and conduct studies using several perspectives: politics, government, social, economics, and culture. This article aims at observing the Indonesian government masterplan to relocate the capital city from cultural perspective, specifically Javanese, by revealing the characteristics and concepts of capital city depicted in an Old Javanese literary work, Kakawin Nagarakertagama by Mpu Prapanca. Qualitative content analysis is applied in this study to interpret the research data. Research results showed that Kakawin Nagarakertagama contains cultural concepts and traditional values suitable to the development of a new capital city: (1) capital city as the center of civilization, (2) spatial management, and (3) resource management. This article concludes that those concepts are relevant to support the development of a capital city as the center of human civilization and the reflection of a developed nation.
Dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai inti-inti ajaran agama Islam dalam manuskrip kuno yang berjudul Serat Bab Agami Yahudi, Kristen, saha Islam (SBAYKI). Manuskrip yang berisi tiga teks, yaitu Bab Agami Yahudi, Bab Agami Kristen, dan Bab Agami Islam, dalam penelitian ini difokuskan bagian teks Bab Agami Islam. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa saja inti dari agama Islam yang terdapat dalam Bab Agami Islam, SBAYKI?. Posisi penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pokok-pokok ajaran agama Islam yang terdapat dalam suatu manuskrip khususnya SBAYKI, dengan pendekatan filo-teologi. Pendekatan filo-teologi digunakan untuk mengkaji manuskrip yang berisi ajaran agama Islam disertai kutipan-kutipan Al-Qur’an di dalamnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah inti dari ajaran agama Islam dalam SBAYKI bagian Bab Agami Islam adalah etimologi Islam, tiang agama Islam (Iman, Islam, Iksan), sejarah dan isi Al-Qur’an, cabang-cabang ilmu agama Islam (Tauhid, Fiqih, Tasawuf), dan hukum-hukum Islam lain dalam Al-Qur’an
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