No abstract

Despite camels are best milk yielders in Sindh, Pakistan; their milk is rarely consumed in significant extent probably due to unawareness of its food value, use and/or consumers' acceptability. Present study merits, evaluating the variability in the physico-chemical properties and sensory profile of camel milk at irrigated plains (IP), sandy desert (SD) and coastal mangroves (CM) zones of Sindh, Pakistan. Experiment was randomized with complete block design, where 90 camel milk samples from each of the three studied zones were examined. Most of the characteristics were recorded significantly different. pH values and viscosity at SD and CM were found non-significant but these were significantly (P<0.05) different at IP (6.50 and 1.17cP, respectively). Titratable acidity observed considerably high at CM (0.178%) followed by SD (0.169%) and IP (0.165%). Specific gravity, conductivity (mS/cm) and refractive index (1.032, 5.04 and 1.3452, respectively) were abundant at IP compared to CM and SD. Moisture content recorded at SD (89.50%) was high followed by CM (89.21%) and IP (88.81%). Fat content was comparatively abundant at IP (3.19%) than at CM and SD. Total protein, casein, non-casein nitrogen and whey protein at IP and CM found non-significant, but significantly high from that of noted at SD (3.00, 2.07, 0.115 and 0.54%, respectively). Lactose and solids not fat contents at SD and CM noted non-significant, but appeared significantly low from that of IP (4.03 and 8.01%, respectively). Camel milk at IP perceived markedly better score for appearance/color (8.95 over 10), odor/aroma (3.36 over 5), taste/flavor (31.26 over 45), body/texture (3.64 over 5) and overall acceptability (6.32 over 9) followed by camel milk at CM and SD. Though, sensory profile of camel milk versus buffalo milk was not comparable yet score perceived for all the sensory attributes were under acceptable limits and might open the door for its utilization at Sindh,

No abstract

The study was conducted to observe the influence of photoperiod and light intensity (LI) on egg production of Japanese quails. A total of one hundred (n=100) quails were divided into five groups (A1,A2, B1, B2 and C) according to the regime of light intensity and photoperiod during growing period (GP) and laying period (LP) i.e. A1 kept at LI (80 luxes (GP) for 8 hrs. and 240 luxes (LP) for 16 hrs.), A2 kept at LI (20 luxes (GP) for 8hrs. and 60 luxes (LP) for 16 hrs.), B1 kept at 5 luxes (GP) for 16 hrs and 15 luxes (LP) for 20hrs, B2 kept at 5 luxes for 12hrs. (GP) and 15 luxes for 18hrs (LP). The group C was considered as control. The Quails of group B1 produced highest egg production (70.25%), hen day egg production (73.62%) and egg width (25.12 mm) as compared to other groups. FCR (1.23) and egg weight (11.20 g) was better in group B1 among all the groups (p>0.005). Higher egg size was recorded in the group A1 (32.15 mm) and lower in group C (30.12 mm). The egg weight was highest (p>0.05) in the group B1 (11.20 g) and lowest in group A1 (9.00 g). It was concluded that, better FCR and feed intake was observed at LI (80 luxes (GP) for 8 hrs. and 240 luxes (LP) for 16 hrs, respectively and photoperiod 16 hrs. at 5 luxes during laying period and 20 hrs. at 15 luxes during laying period.