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Technology development of satellite earth observation offers multi-spectral data, variations sensitivity of satellite sensors are very useful to detect existing conditions by using the remote sensing algorithm to extract the land cover and the phenomenon that has occurred. Ecosystems have bound tolerance to nature condition and organisms have adaptation limit to climate change. Method used in this study was the extraction of land cover by applying multi spectral analysis as Maximum Likelihood, object base image analysis, (LST) land surface temperature, and also the formula Threat of Land Expansion (TLE) to the environment. Result showed that multispectral and time series analysis gave the increasing dynamic of land expansion, especially for forest high density, which areas ranged from 29098.73 ha in 2000 to 19216.7 ha in 2018. The surface temperature increase was ± 2.8 C° in eighteen years. The temperature dynamic represented the micro climate changes, has followed stream of land expansion. TLE represented zone threats of land expansion to natural ecosystems. It was found that threat zone because land expansion. The area of high threat vale 0.4 around central human activity was a built up area.

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Peatlands are the stretch of ecosystem landscape with unique characteristics, both physically, chemically, and biodiversity. Anthropogenic activities in peatland use and disasters pose a threat to the preservation of the peatland ecosystem, which has impacts toward abiotic to the element of biodiversity (biotic). The purpose of this research is to model how the threat of the peatland ecosystem by using spatial data modeling. The method in this research using cloud-based GIS data analysis from Google earth engine, modeling distance parameter to variable modeling of interaction among landscapes on the peatland, and weight sum the value over raster-based spatial layer to determinate the thereat in the peatland ecosystem. The results of this study found zones where hot spots often occur. Modeling with euclidean distance to all modeling variables (except temperature) gives a clear effect on how the threats from each landscape interact with each other. We found that the threat of peatland damage in the high threat class dominates the plantation area reaching 30.9% of the total peatland area, whereas the forest landscape only has a high threat with a percentage of 1.9% and a low threat which the ecosystem is stable and natural reaching over 34.7 %. From this model, we succeeded in bringing up the idea to determine the priority area for policies where need to be done in handling the protection of peatland ecosystems, especially in plantations where the highest percentage of the ecosystem threat is in the high level with integrated peatland management. Keywords: Peatland ecosystem, landscape, threat