Purpose This paper aims to create a mapping of competitive advantage of nations (CAN) from research using some previous studies and recommend future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies a systematic literature review on the most recent studies of CAN. The research gap is analysed based on several categories: implication (strategy and policy, portrait); general characteristics (fundamental issues, indicators and patterns); solution methodology and strategic level (nation and industry). Then, the state-of-the-art analysis is used to develop future research. Findings The results of this study recommend future research of CAN based on the following CAN categories: implication (strategy and policy, portrait); general characteristics (fundamental issues, indicators and patterns); solution methodology and strategic level (nation and industry). Research limitations/implications This literature review has important implications and gives direction for research and teaching, as well as for further investigation of CAN. The limitation lies in the classification of patterns, which requires further study to avoid the ambiguity of grouping. Originality/value This is the first literature review about CAN using categories. It is of value in building future research of CAN in different industries and nations.
Purpose This research aims to examine the smelter industry’s investment competitiveness in Indonesia as well as to find solutions to improve its competitive advantage for the nation. Design/methodology/approach This research applies a sequential mixed-methods approach with a second quantitative phase building on an initial first qualitative phase. The qualitative phase is conducted by interviews to find the root causes of problems as well as solutions to gain smelter industries’ competitiveness. The quantitative phase is conducted by a system dynamics model. A descriptive causal loop diagram is created based on interviews and focus group discussions to describe the problems. The concept of competitive advantage of a nation from Porter’s diamond model is applied in this research. Findings The results reveal the complexity of smelter industries in Indonesia. The paper also addresses the causes of problems and interaction of variables using a causal loop diagram. To gain the smelter industry’s competitiveness, this paper suggests the potential policy development to increase competitiveness of the smelter industry such as policy for different fiscal incentives to each different mineral, effective export duty and exploration obligation. Practical implications The result of this study provides a good basis for government in making policy to improve the competitive advantage of the smelter industry investment in Indonesia. Originality/value This is the first research on smelter industry competitiveness that applies Porter’s diamond model and system dynamics model to find solutions in designing appropriate policy to gain competitiveness.
Pesantren salafi merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam konvensional yang sangat mengakar di masyarakat muslim di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Banten. Kemampuannya untuk tetap eksis dan bersaing dengan pesantren-pesantren modern sungguh sangat mengagumkan, padahal tantangan dan rintangan, baik yang berkaitan dengan persaingan dengan pesantren-pesantren modern maupun dengan sekolah-sekolah umum sangat berat, belum lagi stigma yang dialamatkan kepadanya sebagai wadah pengkaderan Islam radikal dan militan yang dialamatkan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, sungguh telah menghancurkan popularitas pesantren salafi di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengungkapkan nilai-nilai esensial dari budaya organisasinya serta pengaruhnya terhadap eksistensinya dimasyarakat. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa budaya organisasi berupa nilai, keyakinan, kebiasaan, dan filosof hidup dibangun dan dipertahankan oleh kiai sebagai figure sentral. Wujud budaya pesantren meliputi budaya kekeluargaan, kebersamaan dan suka menolong, kualitas, kejujuran dan tanggung jawab. Budaya ini tetap lestari disebabkan adanya perekat budaya meliputi: kepatuhan, keakraban, kejujuran dan tanggung jawab santri terhadap kiai yang dimaknai sebagai sikap tawaddu`, ibadah, dan ikhlas.
In this postmodern era, an era of technological sophistication is the culmination, Islamic education always has its own appeal to continue to be studied more deeply and comprehensively. It is interesting to know, that Islamic education in particular is the brainchild of Islamic scientists, both Western and Eastern. One of them is Ibn Thufail, an Andalusian (Spanish) thinker and philosopher of Islam. His full name is Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Malik Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Thufail al-Qaisyi al-Andalusi. The concept of Ibn Thufail's education is related to the problem of sources and methods of acquiring knowledge. Related to Ibn Thufail's source of knowledge divides into two, namely human sources (physics) and divine sources (metaphysics). Whereas the method of acquiring knowledge that was conceived was a method based on ratio, senses and intuition or soul.
Quinine, a naturally happening alkaloid initially utilized for the treatment of muscle cramps, is currently most usually utilized to treat malaria. Symptoms of poisonous quinine, called Cinchonism, include wooziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, serious adverse reaction to excessive quinine use, vision impairment and deafness. This research aimed to obtain more polar quinine derivatives using reactions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid to reduce toxicity. The reactions were performed analogously to the procedures reported in the literature. The characterization of reaction products utilizing proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the reaction using reagents led to nitration of the quinoline ring with the yields of 7.09 %. The IC50 value of >10.000 μg/mL was obtained from the antimalarial test against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The IC50 values proved that the synthesis products (6-Methoxy-2,5-dinitro-quinoline-4-yl)-(5- vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol) was not potential for malaria treatment.
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