One of the factors that influence the yield of cassia oil is the age of tree. Cassia bark is normally harvested at a tree age of 5 years old and continue to be harvested until 15 years of age. This study investigated the effect of tree age of Cinnamomum burmannii (5, 12 and 20 years old) on the yield, productivity and chemical composition of essential oil from leaf, branch and trunk bark. The essential oil was extracted using steam distillation and liquid-liquid extraction methods. The results showed that the optimum yield of Cinnamomum burmannii oil was obtained when the water content was in the range of 36-47%. The optimum yield of essential oils from the leaf was obtained at 1.36±0.31 wt% (5 years old) and for the branch and the trunk bark were obtained at 3.2±0.07 wt% and 2.95±0.30 wt% (both were 12 years old). Chemical composition of the essential oil was also analysed. The major components of Cinnamomum burmannii oil were determined as cinnamaldehyde (68.3%-82%), cinnamyl acetate (2.5%-16%), cinnamyl alcohol (2.25%-4.6%), and cinnamic acid (3%-8%). The productivity of essential oil was estimated at 336 kg/ha.year (5 years old), 577 kg/ha.year (12 years old) and 387 kg/ha.year (20 years old).
Pluripotency is a crucial feature of pluripotent stem cells, which are regulated by the core pluripotency network consisting of key transcription factors and signaling molecules. However, relatively less is known about the molecular mechanisms that modify the core pluripotency network. Here we used the CAPTURE (CRISPR Affinity Purification in situ of Regulatory Elements) to unbiasedly isolate proteins assembled on the Nanog promoter in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and then tested their functional relevance to the maintenance of mESCs and reprogramming of somatic cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified proteins, including many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), are enriched in RNA-related functions and gene expression. ChIP-qPCR experiments confirmed that BCLAF1, FUBP1, MSH6, PARK7, PSIP1, and THRAP3 occupy the Nanog promoter region in mESCs. Knockdown experiments of these factors show that they play varying roles in self-renewal, pluripotency gene expression, and differentiation of mESCs as well as in the reprogramming of somatic cells. Our results show the utility of unbiased identification of chromatin-associated proteins on a pluripotency gene in mESCs and reveal the functional relevance of RBPs in ESC differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming.
Butterflies have some roles in the environment, that is, as pollinator and bioindicator. Habitat is one of important factors to support butterflies' growth. The aim of this research was to describe butterflies' diversity in some green open spaces in Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia. Direct observations of butterflies diversity, vegetation structures and abiotic factors in Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Jalan Jakarta, and Velodrom Green Open Spaces were conducted on June 2012. Sampling took place in each site by using cruising method in three-times observation: at 07.00, 11.00 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. The data were analyzed by statistical descriptive using Microsoft Excel 2007 and PAST. The results showed that the butterflies' composition in all sites were dominated by Delias sp., Leptosia nina, and Eurema venusta. The diversity index of all sites showed moderate rank that indicates community equilibrium in the environments was still good. In this case, Velodrom Green Open Space has the highest diversity index, which is about 2,199. Brawijaya University and Jalan Jakarta Green Open Spaces have a high similarity index based on Morisita Index. The highest abundance of butterflies is observed at 11.00-12.30 a.m. Delias sp. and L. nina have temporal spread all day long, while E. venusta does merely in daylight.
ABSTRAKMucuna bracteata merupakan tanaman merambat dengan pertumbuhan vegetatif yang sangat cepat karena memiliki sistem perakaran yang dalam, namun permasalahan dalam proses pembibitan tanaman ini adalah pematahan dormansi biji. Mucuna memiliki kulit biji yang tebal, keras dan kedap yang menjadi penghalang mekanis masuknya air atau gas sehingga proses imbibisi sulit terjadi. Pematahan dormansi pada biji Mucuna bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya kecambah serta mengevaluasi pertumbuhan vegetatif awal di pembibitan. Penelitian dilakukan di areal pembibitan PT. PSG jalan Kubang Raya, Kab. Kampar-Riau pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2014 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok 2 Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah skarifikasi (S), yaitu S1 dilakukan skarifikasi pada biji dan S2 tidak dilakukan skarifikasi. Faktor kedua adalah perbedaan suhu, lama waktu dan jenis air perendaman (P), yaitu P1 air suhu 85 o C 60 menit, P2 air suhu 85 o C 120 menit, P3 air suhu 90 o C 60 menit, P4 air suhu 90 o C 120 menit, P5 H2SO4 30 menit, P6 H2SO4 60 menit dan P7 aquadest 60 menit. Parameter yang diamati antara lain daya kecambah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, warna daun dan jumlah cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan perendaman biji dengan H2SO4 selama 60 menit tanpa skarifikasi menjadi kombinasi dengan rerata daya kecambah tertinggi sedangkan pertumbuhan vegetatif seluruh kombinasi perlakuan menunjukkan keragaan fenotipe yang sama.Kata Kunci: Mucuna bracteta, dormansi, skarifikasi, daya kecambah dan vegetatif
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.