Voltage regulator (VR) stability plays an essential role in ensuring maximum power delivery and long-lasting electronic lifespan. Capacitor with a specific equivalent series resistance (ESR) range is typically connected at the VR output terminal to compensate for instability of the VR due to sudden changes in load current. The stability of VR can be measured by analyzing output voltage during load transient tests. However, the optimum ESR range obtained from the ESR tunnel graph in its datasheet can only be characterized by testing a set of data points consisting of ESR and load currents. Characterization process is performed manually by changing the value of ESR and load current for each operating point. However, the inefficient process of estimating the critical value of ESR must be improved given that it requires a large amount of time and expertise.Furthermore, the stability analysis is currently conducted on the basis of the number of oscillation counts of VR output voltage signal. Therefore, a model-based virtual sensing approach that mainly focuses on black-box modeling through system identification method and training neural network on the basis of estimated transfer function coefficients is introduced in this study. The proposed approach is used to estimate the internal model of the VR and reduce the number of data points that need to be acquired. In addition, the VR stability is analyzed using noninvasive stability measurement method, which can measure phase margin from the frequency response of the VR circuit in closed-loop conditions. Results showed that the proposed method reduces the time it takes to produce an ESR tunnel graph by 84% with reasonable accuracy (MSE of 5×10 −6 , RMSE of 2.24×10 −3 , MAE of 1×10 −3 , and R 2 of 0.99). Therefore, efficiency and effectiveness of ESR characterization and stability analysis of the VR circuit is improved.
Landslides can damage public facilities and also have a negative impact on the community. This impact will be able to minimize when knowing the slope stability by carrying out the analysis to determine the factor of safety against landslide. The most accurate results usually get from calculation through computer software, but sometime it will take time and also not all of the designer have the sophisticated software. Another method in predicting the slope stability is using design chart as carried out in this study. The aim of this study is as a sustainable development of a simple chart to help the designer in predicting the landslide possibility. The graph will consist of the relationship between the slope height and the factor of safety for several soil strength parameter and slope angles. The slope stability analysis method will be based on LEM (Limit Equilibrium Method) through Bishop’s equation. The result is then being tested through case study and comparing with the other existing design chart and show a satisfactory result.
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