BackgroundIn recent years inappropriate and excessive use of clinical laboratory facilities has become a cause of concern and has led to concurrent rise in the laboratory errors and the health care costs. The aim of the study was to find out the frequency of incomplete laboratory request forms, inappropriate test requests at various professional levels and the financial impact of uncollected reports at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Laboratory Rawalpindi.MethodsThe cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during a three month period from April to June 2012 at AFIP and CMH Laboratory Rawalpindi. A total of 1000 laboratory request forms were collected and scrutinized for completion from AFIP (n=500) and CMH Rawalpindi laboratory (n=500). 536 request forms of costly/specialized tests from different departments of AFIP were studied to find out the professional level of test request. The total number of tests performed at AFIP during the study period and number of uncollected reports were noted. The financial impact of these uncollected reports was also calculated. Collection of data and sorting were done manually. Patient confidentiality was maintained. Microsoft excel software and SPSS-17 were used for analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee.ResultsOut of a total of 1000 forms studied none was completely filled with clinical notes being present in only 2.4% and 13% of forms sent to CMH and AFIP respectively. 62% of the expensive investigations were requested by specialists while 38% were ordered by residents and general practitioners but the percentage of avoidable expensive tests ordered by the general practitioners and residents was significantly higher than the specialists(p<0.001). A total of 9026 (40%) and 5046 (22%) diagnostic test reports were not collected from the Chemical pathology and Hematology departments respectively. Financial impact of uncollected reports from all the departments at AFIP collectively amounted to Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 3338201.ConclusionProcessing incomplete laboratory request forms and injudicious use of laboratory facilities leads to incorrect interpretation of laboratory test results affecting outcome of the overall treatment.
The purpose of the paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance.This paper alsoinvestigates the influence of corporate governance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure.The majority of previous empirical research studies have either centered on ESG disclosure in developed economies, but the present problem concerning the corporate sector is defining the role of corporate governance in improving ESG performance inthe banking sectors of Pakistan.This paper is based on quantitative and secondary data approaches. The datawas collected fromthe annual reportsof 17 public and privatecommercial banks of Pakistan through an adapted ESG index. This study applied the Stata 13.0 panel data approach to analyzing the effect of corporate governance on ESG performance. Theresults showed that gender diversity, boardindependence,and return on assets(ROA) positively affect ESG performance. The board size and firm size havean insignificant impact on the ESG performance. Furthermore, firm age and previous year ESG practices (lag of ESG) have a significant positive role inthe improvement of ESG performance.However, in contrast, firm leverage has a negative significant effect on the ESG practices of the banking sectors.This papertries to fulfill the gap by examiningcorporate governance and ESG performance in the banking sectors ofPakistan. The findings of the study have significant implications for the top management of the banks, financial experts, regulatory bodies, investment advisors, academics practitioners, and Pakistan stock exchange towards the better implementation of corporate goverance and ESG practices.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.