The present study was carried out to determine the influence of 2% aqueous honey (Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) on larval growth and silk cocoon yield of fifth-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The larvae of silkworms (Chinese HUAKAND2) were divided into a control and an experimental groups (n = 20 in each group). Control group was fed with plain mulberry leaves throughout the fifth instar, whereas the experimental group was offered mulberry leaves dipped in 2% aqueous solution of honey every other day for 4 d (days 1, 3, 5, and 7). On the other days (days 2, 4, 6, and 8), plain mulberry leaves were offered to larvae. Results showed that the average weight gain in larvae of the experimental group was 348.23 and 204.54% in case of the control group. Uneaten mulberry leaves were weighed; the control group left 34.05% of their leaves and the treated group 28.54%. The cocoon formation in the honey-treated larvae was more uniform in shape than the control group. Furthermore, honey-treated larvae began to form cocoons 7.8 ± 0.23 h earlier than the control group. We also recorded an increase of 15.34% in average weight of cocoons of the experimental group when compared with the control. Average shell percentage of fresh silk cocoons of the control and experimental groups was 20.5 and 23.5%, respectively. It is concluded from the study that 2% aqueous honey has positive impact on the larval growth and cocoon yield of B. mori.
Objectives: To estimate the frequency of hepatitis B and C and find its association with gender.Methodology: This community surveillance was done by Surriya Majeed trust hospital during January to April 2017after taking approval from hospital management. Free Hepatitis Camp was arranged at Surriya Majeed TrustHospital Faisalabad - Pakistan in the above mentioned duration. During this survey 1000 subjects of either genderbetween ?1 and ? 80 years of age, years, with diverse religions, professional, social and educational backgrounds,were screened for hepatitis B and C. All subjects were self-motivated beyond recording age and gender and wereexplained with the purpose of the study. Consent was obtained and anonymity was assured. In the case of subjectsunder 18 year consent was taken from the parents/guardians. From each included subject, blood was drawnfollowing aseptic measures. For the qualitative detection of hepatitis B and C virus, Immunochromatographic testswere used. All positive cases are reconfirmed by ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version21.0. Results were presented as mean±SD, frequencies and percentages. Chi-square (X2) test was used to analyzeassociation between gender and hepatitis.Results: This study consisted of 1000 participants of which 374(37.6%) were male and 622(62.4%) were females.Mean age of the study participants was 35.11±13.65.Of total 177(17.7%) were hepatitis C positive and 16(1.6%)were positive for Hepatitis B. On comparing gender for hepatitis, we found that greater number of females wereseropositive for hepatitis C as compared males while hepatitis B was more commonly detected in males. X2 testshows significant association of hepatitis and gender. These findings are strengthened by logistic regressionanalysis with significant p values (<0.05)Conclusion: Hepatitis C was more prevalent than hepatitis B in Faisalabad district. In terms of gender, hepatitis Cwas most frequently found in females while hepatitis was most prevalent in male.
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