Objective: To look for the associative factors in avoidance of exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding among mothers after lower segment Caesarean section. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Paediatrics department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Oct to Mar 2020. Methodology: Mothers bringing their infants for vaccination at six weeks of age with babies born with lower segment caesarean section were included in the study. They were asked simple questions regarding exclusive or non-exclusive breastfeeding. Relevant socio-demographic factors were also recorded and compared among mothers breastfeeding their babies and those avoiding it. Results: A total of 500 mothers were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 33.576±9.174 years. 336(67.2%) women were primiparous, while 164(32.8%) were multiparous. 208(41.6%) women were actively breastfeeding their child, while 292(58.4%) avoided breastfeeding their babies. 150(72.1%) women were non-exclusively breastfeeding, while 58(27.9%) showed an exclusive breastfeeding pattern. Pearson chi-square test revealed that low education and working outside the home had a statistically significant association with the avoidance of breastfeeding the babies among our target population (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Avoidance of breastfeeding was a common finding after six weeks of birth among women who delivered the babies via lower segment caesarean section. Mothers with low education and duties to work outside the home were more at risk of avoiding this highly beneficial practice for the baby.
Objective: To determine the Diagnostic accuracy of Kramer's visual assessment of jaundice in term neonates by taking total serum bilirubin levels as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Neonatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Mar to Sep 2019. Methodology: The study was based on examining and investigating 300 neonates. Kramer scale was used to examine jaundice in all neonates, and results were compared to total serum bilirubin levels. Results: A total of 300 patients were included in this study. The mean bilirubin level was 229.1±74.5mol/L. The sensitivity and specificity of visual assessment of jaundice using the Kramer visual scale were 83.84% and 73.53%, respectively, for neonates who were not jaundiced below the abdomen and thighs included in Kramer zones 1 to 3. Conclusion: Kramer visual assessment can be used as a noninvasive screening method in neonates jaundiced up to the abdomen and thighs, which is included in Kramer zones 1 to 3 but for markedly jaundiced neonates Kramer scale is not a reliable noninvasive method of bilirubin estimation.
ABSTRACT Objectives To compare mean platelet volume (MPV) in neonates with and without sepsis. Study design Cross sectional descriptive study. Place & duration of study Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 2nd July 2017 to 22nd January 2018. Material and Methods 140 neonates, of either gender with ages between 0-28 days, suspected of neonatal sepsis presenting with any two of the signs: core body temperature of > 38.5°C or < 36°C at time of presentation, pulse rate beyond the range of 100-200 beats/minute, leukocyte count beyond the range of 4000 to 30,000/mm3 or > 10% immature neutrophils on peripheral smear, tachypnea (>60 breaths/minute) and oxygen saturation (< 90%) on pulse oximeter, were included; while neonates having taken > 2 doses of antibiotics in last 48 hours as per history and clinical record were excluded. 3ml of blood was drawn and sent for culture, while another 3ml of blood sent for peripheral smear and MPV. All the data along with demographic details of the patients were noted. Same laboratory was used for all samples and the peripheral smear was done by the same pathologist each time to eliminate bias. Results 31 neonates were culture positive for neonatal sepsis. Mean MPV(fl) was 7.31+0.92(fl). MPV was 8.52+0.51(fl) in septic neonates and 6.97+0.70(fl) in neonates without sepsis. The p value was significant (0.0001). Conclusion MPV was significantly raised in patients with sepsis. KEYWORDS Neonates, Sepsis, Mean Platelet Volume
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