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This paper presents a batteryless system-on-chip (SoC) that operates off energy harvested from indoor solar cells and/or thermoelectric generators (TEGs) on the body. Fabricated in a commercial 0.13 μW process, this SoC sensing platform consists of an integrated energy harvesting and power management unit (EH-PMU) with maximum power point tracking, multiple sensing modalities, programmable core and a low power microcontroller with several hardware accelerators to enable energy-efficient digital signal processing, ultra-low-power (ULP) asymmetric radios for wireless transmission, and a 100 nW wake-up radio. The EH-PMU achieves a peak end-to-end efficiency of 75% delivering power to a 100 μA load. In an example motion detection application, the SoC reads data from an accelerometer through SPI, processes it, and sends it over the radio. The SPI and digital processing consume only 2.27 μW, while the integrated radio consumes 4.18 μW when transmitting at 187.5 kbps for a total of 6.45 μW.

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Low-power on-chip cache is a crucial part in many applications. Conventional write operation depends on discharging/charging large bit lines capacitance which causes high power consumption. We propose a novel 7T SRAM cell that only depends on one of the bit lines during a write operation and reduce the write power consumption. HSPICE simulation shows that at least 49% write power saving, higher stability, and no performance degradation with additional 12.25% silicon area.

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One of the technologies that can be used to meet energy needs is biomass combustion. In this study, the oil palm biomass fuels used were empty fruit bunches, oil palm fibers, oil palm midribs, and palm kernel shells. This research was carried out by a direct combustion method using a fluidized-bed combustor. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the reaction of kinetics and the mechanism of combustion of oilpalm biomass in fluidized-bed combustor. The characteristics observed in this test were the combustion temperature profile, flue-gas composition, and the composition of the ash-deposit chemical compound. The results of the experiments conducted showed that the best biomass combustion temperature profile was recorded at 2 kg biomass with an air flow rate of 0.9375 m 3 /s at 90.1%. The maximum temperature of biomass combustion recorded at biomass 3 kg with an air flow rate of 1.25 m 3 /s are 950 o C (95%). The higher conversion combustion of biomass was found at biomass condition of 3 kg with an air flow rate of 0.9375 m 3 /s. The value of O2 emissions from biomass combustion shows that it was very small 0.2%. While the highest CO2 value was recorded at 19.9%. The highest combustion efficiency on FBC found 1 kg of biomass fuel with an air flow rate of 0.0654 m 3 /s recorded 94.9%.

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