Background: Psychological autopsy in Forensic Medicine context deals with the study of medico legal factors which affected victim to commit suicide. This area of Forensic Medicine is usually rarely addressed in research all over the world and especially in the Pakistan. This study is a case control study to look for the factors and their affiliation to medicolegal frame work shortcomings in Pakistan especially related to psychological autopsy. Aim: To assess different psychological factors which has influenced the victims to commit suicide and compared with the controls who were usually next of kin of these victims. Methods: A case control autopsy study was designed to investigate the factors resultant of psychological autopsy of 100 cases in four districts (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan & Sargodha) of Punjab , Pakistan occurring during the year 2018 to 2021. We conducted the semi structured interviews with nearly 100 living controls from the next of kin of these victims of suicide. Also a questionnaire circulated to health professional related to medicolegal shortcoming related to psychological autopsy in Punjab. Results: Stresses related to personal and social life, psychiatric illness, domestic issues of marriages and poverty were the main reasons behind all these cases. There is need of implementation of reforms in our medico legal system for arrangements of qualified personals to conduct the psychological autopsy. Conclusions: For proper assessment of risk factors, causes and precipitants of suicidal cases, a proper psychological autopsy is very important in our criminal justice system. For awareness related to mental disorders and psychiatric illness, there is need of mass campaigns to avoid suicidal deaths in community. Keywords: Psychological autopsy, Risk factors, Suicide, Psychological disorders
Forensic science has been helping law enforcement agencies in better understanding and presenting the evidence in the court of law. In certain situations, when conventional forensic methods of investigations cannot make better conclusions with more specific accuracy, then molecular techniques do help in reaching the acquired accuracy in the results regarding the identification of evidence. Advanced molecular techniques, which are using Deoxyribose Nucleic acid (DNA), Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA), and protein molecules to produce forensically important information from the samples recovered at the crime scene. DNA can only distinguish among individuals but is unable to discriminate the type of samples originated from the same sample. For this RNA has become a molecule of interest for its different levels of expression in different cells/tissues of an individual. RNA molecules of different types are being used to build up models for several purposes (injury-age, new-born age, molecular cause of death, etc.). Modern techniques like Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Microarray are being used for the detection of RNA molecules of interest both in the form of its abundance and as a unique molecular detection. This script will help in understanding the importance of RNA application in forensic sciences by providing an overview of the research done to date and the techniques being used for this purpose.
Objective: To determine forensic implications of carpel tunnel syndrome in relation to neurological, radiological and orthopedic assessments. Study Design: Prospective Place and Duration of Study: Department of Forensic Medicine in collaboration with Radiology and Orthopaedic Departments, Govt. Khawaja Muhamamd Safdar Medical College Sialkot from 1st March 2020 to 28th February 2021. Methodology: One hundred and fifty patients of both genders were enrolled and age between 15-70 years. Details demographics age, sex and body mass index of all patients were recorded after taking written consent. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I had 75 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and group II had 75 patients without carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients were undergone for ultrasonography and ultradiagnostic test used to diagnose the carpal tunnel syndrome. The carpal tunnel and proximal levels of the median nerve's CSA were measured, delta cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined for each wrist based on the differences between CSAc and CSAp. Sensitivity and specificity in wrists among both groups were identified. Results: There were 15 (20%) males and 60 (80%) females in group I with 90 wrists while in group II 17 (22.7%) males and 58 (77.3%) females in group II with 100 wrists. Mean age in group I was 49.68±9.66 years with mean BMI 26.47±9.54 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 51.68±9.66 years with mean BMI 25.47±9.54 kg/m2. Mean CSAc in affected wrists group I was 17.11±6.44 greater than group II 08.17±6.58 mm2. Mean delta CSA in healthier wrists was lower 1.01±2.11 than group I 8.44±9.55 mm2. It was shown that the delta-CSA threshold of 2 mm2 had the maximum sensitivity (98.7%) and specificity (100%) in group I than control group. Conclusion: As compared to CSAc, the CSA is more accurate in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. Keywords: Carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS), CSA, Wrists, Specificity, Sensitivity, Ultrasonography
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