The present outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swiftly crossed borders, and inflicted the global mental health issues. It is also affecting peoples' daily behaviours, economics, prevention strategies and decision-making among policymakers, healthcare organisations and medical centres that may unintentionally weaken COVID-19 control strategies and lead to increased morbidity, as well as mental health care needs globally. Ultimately, this outbreak is leading to further health complications worldwide, such as stress, fear of the unknown, anger, anxiety, denial, depression symptoms, and insomnia. Notwithstanding all the resources used to counter the spread of the virus, further universal strategies are desirable to address the associated mental health problems. The present study uses the qualitative means to investigate the potential impact of COVID-19, the consequences and legal aspects, then recommend policy implications, in an attempt to cover any apparent loopholes. It presents a unique analysis of its kind on the policy and legal aspects of the ongoing pandemic, as regards mental health. It concludes that there is an acute need to prioritising the health care and curative issues, strengthen awareness and address the psychological syndromes or similar complications afflicting members of the general public during this pandemic.
Purpose
This paper aims to provide a review of Anti-Money-Laundering (AML) after the latest amendments, i.e. Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper performs a detailed review of AML and related laws and amendments to record notable changes and improvements in the recent amendments and drew a comparison among these legal amendments.
Findings
This paper finds that recent amendments are essential and judiciously crafted to cover the legal clinches, ensuring effective implementation of AML laws and positive expected outcomes for Pakistan.
Originality/value
This paper is unique in the context of the ongoing struggle against money laundering (ML) in Pakistan; covering the legal progress of Pakistan regarding ML, corruption and terrorism financing.
Adjustment of due diligence doctrine in International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is primarily focused to highlight that the principles of IHL need the meticulous implementation of due diligence. With the spectacles of the qualitative research approaches, the article not only overviews the scope and basic concept of due diligence in IHL but also pinpoints the necessity of this doctrine in international law. This article scrutinizes the significance of obligations of due diligence to highlight the respect and ensure respect for IHL. This research article inspects the application of due diligence in non-international armed conflicts and pinpoints the influence of due diligence on IHL.
Lord Hewart said that justice must not only be done but must also be seen to be done. Keeping in view the very spirit of this dictum, it is fair enough to say that each and every block of the legal system must be carefully placed following the principles of law so that no one is condemned with abusive power. Fair trial, due process of law, and all such principles enlisted in the framework of a legal system make it effective, efficient, and just.
According to common law-the legal dispensation system used in most countries across the world, including Pakistan-two fundamental components are required to prove the commission of a crime: firstly, actus reus and secondly mens rea. In general, the first of these two-the actus reus-is the physical act (or omission) of committing the crime. The second-mens rea-is the necessary intent to prove that the alleged perpetrator wanted to commit the crime. Besides, these demonstrate potential psychological impacts over the societies across the world, which is focused on this study. The study adopts qualitative means to examine the psychological implications of Juvenile delinquency in Pakistan and provide insightful understanding for the readers.
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