Introduction:
Hyperglycemia is associated with elevated level of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that leads to
nitrosative stress and exacerbates progression of diabetic complications.
Method:
Present study was aimed to evaluate therapeutic effects of essential oils (EOs) on increased serum level of nitric
oxide (NO) in diabetogenic rats. Diabetogenic rats were treated with EOs separately and/or in combination at the dose of
100 mg/kg, orally for one month. Blood sampling was done at 1st, 15th and 30th day of treatment period to investigate the
effect of treatment on biomarkers of diabetic complications.
Results:
In diabetogenic rats, serum levels of NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were
significantly increased when compared with that of control group. Whereas, diabetogenic rats treated with EOs decreased
serum levels of NO, MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines up to significant extent when compared with that diabetogenic
rats treated with standard antidiabetic drug. Moreover, EOs also increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and insulin
secretion from β-cells of pancreatic islets more efficiently when compared with that of diabetogenic rats. Additionally, it
was also found that EOs improved lipid profile and normal functions of kidney and liver as compared to that of diabetogenic
rats.
Conclusion:
Findings of this study indicate that EOs may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine level by modulating the
expression of NO. EOs may also ameliorate the nitrosative stress and maintain glucose homeostasis that are major culprits
of diabetic complications.
AbstractObjectivesIt is evident from literature that individual with diabetes mellitus is more prone to develop cancer as compared to non-diabetic one. We aimed to highlight the risk factors that trigger the tumor formation in diabetic individuals and collect evidences regarding the preventive role of anti-diabetics in cancer.ContentA comprehensive literature was searched in English language using electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Scopus and Embase.Summary and outlookAntidiabetic drugs notably metformin and troglitazone, exhibit anticancer effects. Metformin targets energy sensor pathway i. e., AMPK/mTOR which is controlled by LKB1. Whereas. troglitazone activates PPARϒ that modulate the transcription of insulin responsive gene which is essential for lipid and glucose metabolism. Adipocytes are highly expressed with PPARɣ which induce differentiation and regulate adipogenesis. Ligand-driven expression of PPARɣ in myoblast and fibroblast cell lines produces adipocyte differentiation in breast cancer. Prostate cancer that expresses PPARɣ may be suppressed by troglitazone and retinoid which inhibit their proliferation and initiate differentiation. The findings summarized here show that metformin and troglitazone may have the ability to inhibit the cancer cell proliferation via involvement of molecular pathways. This therapeutic intervention will help to control the progression of cancer in diabetic patients.
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