Purpose This paper aims to analyze the Halal industry before, during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative content analysis derived from a narrative-type literature review – supported by expert opinions elicited from semi-structured interviews and transcripts from the keynotes of five prominent speakers at a Halal industry conference during the pandemic. The conference theme covered the Halal industry’s development and strategies before, during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Findings There are opinions, concerns and actionable suggestions from the five prominent guests on how the Halal industry is faced with challenges but also new opportunities, with the potential to lead an agenda toward community and transparency. Originality/value The halal industry could survive the ravaging COVID-19 and still has the potential to be explored. Expectedly, it makes this occasion an assessment or benchmark to improve the Halal industry and lifestyle in the future and contributes to the betterment of the ummah and Muslim countries.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), knowledge management process (KMP) and dynamic capability (DC) toward the adoption of electronic commerce (e-commerce) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Sumatera. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative methodology using Smart PLS of structural equation model. A survey is done by distributing the questionnaires to the respondents (owner-managers) of SMEs across sectors. Using a convenient sampling technique, 131 respondents were selected. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 11 hypotheses were tested. Findings It is found that both innovativeness and proactiveness of EO have a significant relationship with e-commerce adoption (EA), while the risk-taking of EO is found as insignificant. Both risk-taking and proactiveness of EO are significantly related to KMP, but innovation of EO is found to be insignificant. Moreover, KMP significantly mediates the relationship between risk-taking and proactiveness of EO and EA, while KMP insignificantly mediates the relationship between innovativeness of EO and EA. Finally, it is found that DC has a significant relationship in EA. Originality/value By using the resource based-theory, the study on the decision of EA by SMEs is conducted which focuses on a number of internal and external factors influencing the adoption decision. This differs from other studies using theories of the technological, organizational and environmental, theory of acceptance and use of technology, theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action and others which emphasized on the implementation and usage of EA.

The IntroductionIslam is a religion that gives a mercy, and peace. It is not surprising that the number of people who follow it is growing across the world. Besides Asia and Africa, Islam has developed in the Americas and Europe. The CIA World Factbook states that Muslims number almost 22,74% of the world's population, and it is projected to increase by 20 percent in the next 20 years. Moreover, The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (2011) reported that in 2010, the Muslim population would reach 2.2 billion in 2030, up from 1.6 billion in that year. A study of Tajamul Islam conducted in 2013 reported that East Asia dominated the geographical distribution with amount 63 % of adherents, which was followed by the Middle East and North Africa (20%) and sub-Saharan Africa (15 %), while the area of Europe had 2.7 % and America 0.3 %.Moreover, Indonesia becomes the fourth position of great population in the world, which the substantive of its societies are Muslim's adherents. According to the report of CIA's World Factbook, Muslim population reached 87.2 % of the whole of Indonesian citizens. The report showed that Indonesia had the largest potential halal market in the world. The rapid growth of the Muslim population has impacted the local and global corporations to increase the variety of halal products, for instance, food and beverages, medicine, education services, entertainment, hotels, and tourism. In addition, in line with their religion command, Muslim's awareness of the importance of halal products that they are safe to consume them and related to health and goodness. Islam leads the followers' behavior to know how the adherents think, feel, and act. Consequently, they have to search, process to evaluate, acquire and consume the complying products in the terms of Islam. They consume them and avoid the unlawful products (Wilson, 2010;Shaharudin, 2010).

Online shopping is overgrowing around the globe. Consumers unite and combine their purchasing power in order to bargain for a significant volume discount from a seller. On the other hand, it also helps the new seller to enter the competitive markets easily. The objective of this study is to examine the relationships among the factors and to assess how it influences consumers' purchase intention on online shopping. The main problem that online retailer faced nowadays is how to attract the consumer's purchase intention toward online shopping especially among the student because we know that most student does not have fixed income. So it will prevent them from spending more on online shopping. In order to make a business successful, some good strategy needs to be implemented, and the retailer does not only need to acquire the new customers but also need to retain the existing customers. Purchase intention as the possibility of purchasing a special brand in a product category during purchase. There were 200 sets of the questionnaire had been distributed randomly among the PPIPT students. The present study used descriptive statistics, regression, and Pearson correlation. In short, price, ease of use and usefulness can only explain (R Square = 0.973) variation of factors influencing consumers' purchase intention towards online shopping. Durbin-Watson considers the accepted range of 1.486 shows there was no autocorrelation problem with data. The condition index= 77.598, VIF= 1-10, and tolerance fell =0.1-10 within the accepted range. F-value is found to be a significant level (Sig. F = 0.000). The regression model used in this study is adequate, the model is fit. As a conclusion, a lack of confidence and trust in utilizing the Internet as a shopping channel. The ethnic group also dominated by Malay only which could be a source of bias.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the dimensions of organizational learning (OL), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), personal value toward the firm performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Sumatera, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative methodology using Smart partial least squares of the structural equation model. A survey is done by distributing the questionnaires to the respondents (owner-managers) of SMEs across sectors. Using a convenient sampling technique, 128 respondents are selected. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 11 hypotheses are tested. Findings It is found that the innovativeness of EO and personal value both have a significant relationship with firm growth. While OL is significantly related to the innovativeness of EO, risk-taking of EO and proactiveness of EO. Then, both innovativeness of EO and proactiveness of EO significantly mediate the relationship of OL and firm growth. However, OL, proactiveness of EO and risk-taking of EO are insignificantly related to firm growth, while risk-taking of EO also insignificantly mediates the relationship of OL and firm growth. Originality/value EO (innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness) is deemed a crucial factor in running businesses by SMEs, while OL and personal value play a significant role in creating a competitive advantage that is needed for growth.

Human resources within a company's organization are significant to support the progress and quality of the company in achieving the goal. However, to achieve it all of these employees must have other supporting factors such as endurance, diligence, and accuracy or other skills. These factors can manage a system that can help to make decisions. One of the methods that can be used for decision support system is by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method, this method is chosen because it can select the best alternative from a number of alternatives that is entitled to get the promotion and value of employee performance expected by company based on criteria which are determined. The result of the implementation process can sort the alternatives from the most considerable value to the smallest value.

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing works and literature on halal tourism using bibliometric analysis in an attempt to explore the expanding journey of this concept since its conceptualization. Based on a bibliometric analysis of 77 articles retrieved from the Scopus database from 2004 to Sept 2020, this study employs the following bibliometric techniques such as citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence of author keywords. This study finds the nature and direction of research on halal tourism had been conducted over the past decades. It also finds the most dominant authors, journals, institutions, and countries about the works on halal tourism. However, using a single source of the database could be a limitation of this study that, thus expectedly, additional techniques are needed for future researches. For academicians and practitioners, they could get comprehensive insights on the halal tourism concept from this study, which can reference strategic initiatives to encourage Muslim traveler loyalty and obtain Muslim tourist satisfaction.JEL Classification: M31, Z12, Z30, Z30, Z32How to Cite:Hidayat, S. E., Rafiki, A., & Nasution, M. D. T. P. (2021). A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Halal Tourism. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20270.

Arduino Uno water turbidity gauge has been successfully designed and manufactured. This tool is made using LDR as sensor and led as a light source to measure the water turbidity value and Arduino Uno for data processing. The existence of this tool is already familiar and comfortable to find. However, the price is relatively higher to make this tool is only owned by certain circles only. Nephelometric Method is a method of measuring the turbidity of water by passing a light source on water so that the intensity of light reflected by the sub- stances causing turbidity can be known. With the use of led as a light source and photodiode as a light detector, and combined with processing using Arduino Uno then the voltage obtained from the LDR sensor in the form of analog data is processed into digital data and can be displayed in the LCD.