Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is attacked by various disease causing micro-organisms. Amongthem Fusarium wilt is the major destructive diseases of tomato. This study was conducted to test theefficacy of different fungicides i.e. metalaxyl+mancozeb, copper oxychloride, benalaxyl+mancozeb,carbendazim and mancozeb at different concentrations (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 g/litre water) against the fusariumwilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and also to observe the impacts offungicides on plant height and yield under tunnel condition. The result revealed that copper oxychloridewas significantly effective in all its doses to control the Fusarium wilt of tomato, the most effective dose was 3 g/l where the disease severity was recorded 6.2 percent only, followed by metalaxyl+mancozeb (4g/l) in which the disease severity was recorded 9.6 percent, other fungicides also showed good result but mancozeb alone was not effective, however it had synergistic effect and could be used as basis with the other product to control the fusarium wilt. Two of the fungicides proved to be the most appropriate chemicals having no severe impacts on plant height and yield. The highest plant height was recorded 10.96 and 9.38 feet whereas the highest yield per plant was recorded 3.97 and 3.67 kg in case of copper oxychloride and metalaxyl+mancozeb respectively.
Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate genotypic differences in response to aluminium stress among two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes XZ16 (aluminium tolerant) and XZ61 (aluminium sensitive) and cv. Dayton (aluminium tolerant) and as affected by anion inhibitor of niflumic acid (NIF). The results showed that Tibetan wild barley XZ16 exhibited superior aluminium-resistantce/tolerance reflected by significant low aluminium uptake and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and an enhancement in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and maintaining relatively lower intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) under 100 µM aluminium in contrast to XZ61 and Dayton. Meanwhile, XZ16 exhibited higher P, S, Ca and Mg contents in roots and shoots under aluminium stress compared with XZ61 and Dayton. Moreover, activities of catalase (CAT) andascorbate peroxidase (APX) in ROS scavenging systems play an important role in alleviating aluminium induced oxidative stress in XZ16. Shoot CAT in XZ16 was markedly enhanced after 15 d aluminium treatment, while markedly reduced in XZ61. APX of XZ16 showed special changing pattern against the other two genotypes i.e. root/shoot APX increased after 6 h aluminium treatment and niflumic acid (Al + NIF) significantly enhanced shoot APX activity in XZ16, but not in XZ61 and Dayton. After 10 days aluminium exposure, shoot APX in XZ16 was kept similar value to its control, but in XZ61 and Dayton was sharply reduced relative to controls.
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