In reality, government spending in emerging nations has been steadily increasing from time to time. Controlling it through fiscal policy, such as tax collections and government expenditure, is one of the measures that may be implemented. The primary goal of this study is to determine the magnitude of the link between tax income and government spending in Indonesia from 2000 to 2020. The World Development Index and the Central Bureau of Statistics are the primary data sources used by the researcher to attain this study goal. The researcher utilized the Vector autoregressive (VAR) technique and the Granger causality test to determine the link between tax income and government spending. Because the coefficient of determination is 65.41 percent, which is far from 100 percent, and the two variables, namely tax revenues and government expenditures, are not affected by the clause relationship, the results of this study indicate that the trend of the government expenditure ratio is less stable. The two variables do, however, have a short-term link, and there is no long-term balancing relationship between government spending and tax income.
This study investigates the development of human capital in Indonesia through investment in education and health by the Indonesian government on job participation and economic growth. Modeling "autoregressive vectors" used to understand the causal link between variables required 21 years, from 2000 to 2020. The World Bank and the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency provided secondary data for this study. We use the variables of education, health, internet literacy, work participation, and economic growth in Indonesia. We found that internet literacy has a significant effect on economic growth and also provides a significant boost to education and health. Where education and health are the main factors forming human capital that have an impact on the quality of human resources. Improving the quality of education from the education and health development process has an impact on job participation. Employment participation itself encourages increased investment in education and health. This can illustrate the role of internet literacy and human capital on economic growth in Indonesia where economic growth can be boosted by increasing internet literacy and human capital.
This study aims to investigate the impact of the exchange rate (rupiah against the United States dollar) on exports of goods and services, as well as imports of goods and services. This study uses data from 2000 to 2019 by modeling "autoregressive vectors" to understand causal relationships between variables. This research is based on secondary data from the world bank. We use the exchange rate of the rupiah against the United States dollar, exports, and imports in Indonesia as variables. It evaluates the causal relationship between exchange rates, exports, and imports in Indonesia. The implication of the findings of this study is that high imports of goods and services will weaken the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. This can happen because Indonesia is an import-oriented country, and there is a relationship between export and import variables. Import of goods and services sector in Indonesia. In addition, the results of the study show that the causal relationship only occurs in the imported variable that affects the exchange rate, and the export variable that affects imports, while the causality relationship between other variables is not significant.
This study aims to investigate the long-term and short-term relationship between a number of factors that influence the corruption perception index in Indonesia, including poverty, tax revenues, and government spending. This research uses Dynamic ARDL. This study uses the World Bank as a source for statistical data, namely data from 2000 to 2020. The findings of this study are an index of perceptions of corruption and tax revenue, having long and short-term associations, as well as an index of perceptions of corruption in the previous year which in the short term is tax revenue. significant positive effect on the corruption perception index. Correspondingly, government spending also has a significant positive effect on the corruption perception index. In contrast to the relationship between poverty and the corruption perception index, it means that poverty does not affect the corruption perception index. This shows that an increase in tax revenues and government spending in the short term has an effect on increasing the corruption perception index. However, in the long term, it will have the opposite effect in Indonesia.
This study investigates internet users, Technology, taxes and Economic Growth. This study investigates data at the start point year of 2000 to 2020 to generate "autoregressive vectors" that can be utilize for determine relationship among the variables. This model is to analyze among Technology, Taxes and Economic Growth at Indonesia using secondary data from the World Bank. We discovered In terms of technological developments in Indonesia, if there are developments in Indonesia, taxes will decrease. This is because as technology develops, people will be smarter and this will reduce taxes and increase economic growth. Technology also plays an important role in economic development, but if technology decreases then taxes in Indonesia will increase.
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