The effect of loss of ignition, specific gravity, fineness, specific surface area and soluble fly ash to compressive strength of geopolymer paste were studied. Six fly ashes from two different sources and different time of collection were evaluated. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as alkali activator. Concentration of sodium hydroxide and mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate were fixed 14M and one respectively. The result indicated that the improvement in compressive strength of geopolymer paste was more influenced by fineness, specific surface area and soluble content of fly ash. Soluble content of fly ash greatly affected the compressive strength of geopolymer paste compare to the compressive strength of cement paste with 20% fly ash replacement.
This paper presents an observation on fly ash quality in East Jawa, Indonesia. The ash samples were collected from 16 fly ashes produced by some Indonesian power plants. The samples are majority categorized as class F fly ashes with good pozzolanic characteristics according to the standard. The samples were examined for their physical, chemical and mechanical properties with compression test. The test was conducted by making some mortars and paste containing fly ash as cement replacement in accordance with three methods. The compressive strength results were compared with the control specimens made from ordinary Portland cement to obtain a strength activity index (SAI). The results showed that physical properties of fly ash influenced the mechanical properties of mortars more than those showed by chemical characterization.
This paper aims to examine the complex and often contentious relationship between constitutionalism and integralism in the Indonesian government and provides a criticism of democratization within the contemporary state. Integralist state portrays the relationship between the state and the people as analogous to a family, with the state as a father and the people as children (the Family Principle). Those that adhere to this view, with regard to contemporary Asian politics, claim that Asian values are inherently integralist, that Asia’s particular history and values different considerably from the West’s, and that Pancasila, Indonesia’s state philosophy, is utilized to establish romanticized relations between the ruler and the ruled. The data presented in this paper was collected from relevant articles on Indonesian democracy and Asian values. It also demonstrates how Pancasila, as Indonesia’s core guiding philosophy, has influenced debates over how the constitutional should be applied and interpreted. As the research shows, during the regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, Pancasila was manipulated in order to promote the goals of the state, and that a reliance on integralism during Indonesia’s founding years severely diminished human rights and Indonesia’s capacity for an efficient democracy. By continually putting the priorities of the state above those of the people, the Indonesian government has contradicted its adoption of human rights and liberal democracy is often challenged by the spirit of integralism.
This paper aims to reassess the term “elected democratically” in Article 18 (4) of Indonesia’s revised 1945 Constitution which resulted in the competing interpretation over the appropriate method for selecting heads of regional governments in Indonesia. In fact, the flexibility of such a term was challenged and negotiated to formulate an appropriate mechanism to select heads of regional governments. In 2004, the Constitutional Court concluded that the legislative body was the ultimate institution to interpret “elected democratically” so that this institution can opt whether a regional head election or an indirect election to define such a term. While the regional head election was applied, including its dispute settlements over electoral results to the Constitutional Court, this Court considered a different argument. In 2013, the Constitutional Court reinterpreted such an article by highlighting that the regional head election should be exempted from the general election subjected to Article 22E (2) of 1945 Constitution. In 2014, President Yudhoyono’s rejection from his agreement after the enactment of the Selection of Heads of Regional Governments Bill put further juridical contentions in which the President finally revoked the adoption of the regional head voting by the Regional People’s Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD). As a consequence, the regional head election has been re-adopted and this regional election has remained to be expected to improve the performance of local democracy. The introduction of this direct election model at the regional level, however, questions the important role of political parties because the adoption of this election was substantially to answer public distrust against them. In particular, the debate whether political parties work becomes intense after non-party candidates are allowed to contest to this election.
Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) merupakan program pemerintah yang telah diselenggarakan sebagai kebijakan dalam pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi. MBKM merupakan wujud pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi yang otonom dan fleksibel sehingga tercipta kultur belajar yang inovatif, tidak mengekang dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa. Untuk mendukung keberlangsungan nya, tentunya program ini juga didukung dengan sistem terintegrasi yang dirancang khusus untuk mengakomodir kegiatan MBKM. Portal resmi MBKM memuat segala informasi dan proses pelaksanaan kegiatan MBKM bagi mahasiswa, dosen maupun Universitas seluruh Indonesia. Namun sejauh ini belum terdapat data yang menyajikan tentang bagaimana efektivitas portal resmi tersebut dan hal apakah yang dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan persepsi pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat untuk menggunakan portal resmi kampus merdeka dan efektivitas penggunaan dengan menggunakan model Kesuksesan Sistem Informasi. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan proses pengembangan variabel dan indikator-indikator dari model yang dikembangkan. Untuk mendapatkan data primer, penulis menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 136 orang responden dan melakukan analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak SmartPLS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar variabel terkait dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas penggunaan sistem. Dari keseluruhan hipotesis, delapan hipotesis diterima dan menyatakan pengaruh signifikan pada model yang diteliti, serta hanya terdapat satu hipotesis yang menyatakan tidak berpengaruh signifikan, yakni kualitas layanan terhadap niat untuk menggunakan. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa minat pengguna untuk mengadopsi portal resmi kampus merdeka cukup besar dan efektivitas sistem masih dapat dikembangkan lagi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini relevan bagi pihak pengembang agar memperhatikan kembali faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat individu dan mengetahui efektivitas sistem untuk pengembangan sistem ke depannya.
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