In recent years, after the global financial crisis, the issue of credit risk management has received increased attention from international regulators. Credit risk management frameworks are often not sufficiently integrated within the organization, there is no unified approach, and there is no holistic view of all risks. Likewise, where they exist, sound risk management practices have helped institutions to weather financial crises better than others. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the determinants of credit risk management and their relationship with the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. It also examines the mediating role of credit risk management on the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between environmental risk and credit risk management. It is also found that credit appraisal measurements have a significant effect on credit risk management. The results reveal that market risk analysis has a significant effect on credit risk management. The results show that credit risk management mediates the relationship between environmental risk, credit appraisal measurements, market risk analysis, and the performance of commercial banks. Therefore, managers should strive to impart risk prevention and control mechanisms to reduce credit risk and achieve good financial performance.
BackgroundValue-driven career attitude (VDCA) is considered a dimension of a protean career attitude (PCA). Individuals with this attitude seek out personally meaningful experiences and set their own psychological career success standards. This study investigates the association between value-driven career attitude and job performance. It looks at how organizational citizenship behavior affects the relationship between value-driven career attitudes and job performance.MethodsA self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 random employees of SMEs in Pakistan during the early pandemic. We chose Cochran’s formula to determine the appropriate sample size, and PLS-SEM was used to analyze the model. P-O fit and self-determination theory is the theoretical lenses used in this study. The underpinning theories to this study enable the researchers to establish a link between VDCA, OCB, and job performance.ResultsBy analyzing a sample of 400 employees from active enterprises, we discover that VDCA contributes to an improvement in job performance. Furthermore, OCB plays an intervening effect in the relationship between VDCA and job performance. Thus, the study provided evidence for the underpinning models of P-O fit and self-determination theory.ConclusionThis study adds to the body of knowledge by investigating the connections between VDCA, OCB, and job performance in SMEs. The existing literature sheds scant light on these linkages, leaving a gap that this study will address. The current study expands on other themes to provide an in-depth analysis of many under-explored PCA outcomes, which may open up new avenues for future researchers to broaden and strengthen PCA with other constructs.
CIGS is a better replacement of Si solar cell having low possibility of damage different layers is used for CIGS cell which decreases short current losses. CIGS solar cell technology is a very highly competitive and also need less raw material as well as low cost of fabrication. As compared to C-Si (~11000C) thermal budge is very low for the production of CIGS modules about (~550 0C approximately). The comparison of weight C-Si solar panels have lesser weight than CIGS because in CIGS solar panels there are two glass panes and in C-Si there is only one pane of glass are used. The absorption coefficient of CIGS is high as compare to C-Si because CIGS solar cells using direct band gap materials and C-Si included in indirect band gap material and having lower absorption coefficient property (104/cm) that's why CIGS solar cell thickness is 100 times lesser than as compare to C-Si solar cells. There are a lot of techniques to increase the efficiency and decrease transmission losses but the scope of this work covers how to use DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) as a back reflector and also examining its effect on decreasing thickness of the absorber layer. In real world it is not possible to reduce the transmission losses approximately equal to zero because some part of the light is absorbed and lost in metal used at the rear surface of the cell in the form of heat but reflection losses can be reduced up to zero. It is seen that mostly in conventional thin film solar cells thick metal plate is used at the rear surface of the solar cell for increasing reflection and decreasing transmission losses at the back surface of the cell. A huge proportion of heat is lost due to the collision of incident photons with metallic surfaces. However, DBR is tested in CIGS solar cell for increasing back surface reflection and increasing light trapping by this research work.
There is abounded wind available to entertain our energy requirements if it could be utilized in an effective manner.Wind turbines are able to generate enough power thus decreasing the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. In comparison to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) the vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are much more efficient and reliable because of its simplisity and cost effectiveness.This study in vestigates that wind energy is able to cope with the energy crisis we are currently having all over the globe. Although the use of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) in today's world is more than the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) but they have some issues as they require higher wind speed as compared to VAWT to generate enough mechanical work to produce electrical power. Peshawar highways wind profile was implemented in this experiment. The wind on highways is not constant all the time as it is dependent on the moving vehicles and varies time to time. The project can be theoretically implemented in the light of Peshawar highways wind profile. Wind energy could be valuable source of energy because of its importance of environmental friendly and free of cost once it is installed. The main goal of this research is to model such type of VAWT for highways to get kinetic energy produced by the air flow of moving vehicles and to transfer that energy into mechanical energy furthermore that mechanical energy will be converted to electrical with the help of generator. This vertical axis wind turbine is feasible on high ways due to its unique structure. It can capture the wind in both directions on highways. The project is tested in both theoretically and experimentally and it outclassed all previous models.
For reducing the consequences of global warming and fuel scarcity, we need to change dilemma in terms of cooking. For resolving this issue, the solar cooking offers the best alternative. There are various designs of solar cookers. Different types of solar cookers are presented by a number of researchers over the decade that includes the box type solar cookers and parabolic type solar cookers. However, these types of solar cookers have limited performance in terms of tracking and operating during night time. An evacuated tube solar geyser is converted into a solar cooker which is obsolete from tracking and cooking can also carried out during night time having a thermal storage unit (TSU). The performance of the system is observed during clear days and nights of August and September 2019 in Peshawar, Pakistan. The maximum temperature attained by the system is recorded 98.5 o C. From the observed experimented data, the results indicate that the system is faithfully performing under the required climate conditions.
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