The regioregularity and band gap of P3HT, an organic solar cell donor polymer, were improved. Oxidative coupling enhanced regioregularity, voltammetric p-doping broadened the optical absorption band and a molar mass increase reduced the band gap.

20-40 nm vanadium(V) oxide nanoparticles have been prepared via reverse micelles method using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, ethanol and ethyl acetate as additives, water as disperse phase, and hexane as continuous phase. V 2 O 5 has been formed via ammonium metavanadate under acid hydrolysis. The so obtained nanoparticles have been characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry.Keywords: ammonium metavanadate, vanadium(V) oxide, reverse micelle, nanoparticles, template synthesis, hydrolysis 1 The text was submitted by the authors in English.Reverse micelles method has been widely used for synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. Reverse micelle solution is a colloid system with liquid polar phase dispersed in liquid non-polar continuous phase, the disperse phase being stabilized by surfactant at the interphase boundary. The microscopic disperse phase may act as nanoreactor for production of various nanoparticles [1, 2]. V 2 O 5 nanoparticles have been recognized for excellent catalytic properties. Nanosized catalysts are extremely efficient and selective in heterogeneous catalysis due to the high specific surface [3]. Activity of catalytically active nanoparticles often strongly depends on their size and shape. V 2 O 5 nanorods and nanospheres have revealed superior catalytic performance as compared to bulk V 2 O 5 [4] and have been therefore used to catalyze a number of organic transformation such as oleic acid ozonolysis [5], thiophene hydrodesulfurization [6], etc.Preparation of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solution has been reported in [4]. The 45-160 nm nanoparticles have been obtained with ammonium metavanadate and sulfuric acid as precursors. In the present study, we report on another reverse micelle system applier for preparation of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate. The synthesis of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles was performed by mixing two reverse micelles solutions. Collision of nanodroplets of acidic micelles 1 and of NH 4 VO 3 -containing micelles 2 led to the reactants interaction according to the following scheme:The precipitation took place inside the nanodroplets and gave the primary nanoparticles; the subsequent ripening processes (growth and coagulation) yielded the final product. The surfactant molecules adsorbed at the particles surface prevented their further aggregation and preserved them in the finely dispersed state.Electronic absorbance spectrum of the prepared product revealed absorption band at 350-400 nm typical of yellow solution of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles [7] (Fig. 1).IR spectrum of the product (Fig. 2) revealed characteristic absorption bands at 956 cm -1 (V=O stretching) and 587 cm -1 (V-O-V stretching) [8][9][10][11]. The broad absorbance band centered at 3391 cm -1 was attributed to stretching of hydroxyl group, and the band at 1625 cm -1 was assigned to bending vibrations of water molecules; those bands ev...

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The identification of novel compounds that can inhibit physiologically and metabolically important drug targets or enzymes has prime importance in medicinal chemistry. With this aim, a range of secnidazole esters 1–30 were synthesized under the heading of biology‐oriented drug synthesis by the 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated coupling reaction between secnidazole and varyingly benzoic acid derivatives. All compounds were screened for inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glucosidase. The results indicate that all the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against all targets, as compared to the standard inhibitors, revealed by IC50 values. Ki values of the secnidazole derivatives 1–30 for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α‐glucosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges of 47.37–190.74, 44.38–198.21, 12.14–68.37, 8.04–61.53, and 7.78–45.91 nM, respectively. To assess the enzyme–ligand interactions, the optimized most active compounds 2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 17, and 23 were subjected to molecular docking studies with modeled AChE, BChE, hCA I, hCA II, and α‐glucosidase enzymes, where several important and key interactions were monitored with amino acid residues of each target enzyme.