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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the presenting features, diagnostic problems, treatment, and prognosis of Wegener`s granulomatosis (WG), with special reference to ENT manifestations. Study Design: It was a prospective descriptive study. Study Setting: The study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, from 1st March1999 to 30th Sep 2001. Results: The ten patients included in this study comprised of six males and four females, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The age of patients ranged from 16 years to 55 years with an average age of 38.5 years. The most common presentation in our patients was due to nasal involvement of disease. Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and rhinorrhoea was seen in 80% of patients with WG. Next common symptom was headache (60%) followed by other symptoms Two patients had ear pain and conductive deafness along with nasal symptoms. One patient in addition to nasal symptoms mentioned presented with saddle nose deformity. One patient presented with hoarseness and progressive stridor, having subglottic stenosis as an isolated finding. Conclusion: Most common symptoms in WG localized to ENT region are nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea and epistaxis. Biopsy and c-ANCA have key role in diagnosis of WG. ESR has a good prognostic relevance

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Numerical simulation plays a crucial role in today's aviation industry. Modern computers with the latest commercial FE codes have fueled the triumph of establishing simulation as a prerequisite of aerostructure part design from micro modeling of materials to large-scale structural analysis. In this current research paper, a Mooney-Rivlin material model of ballistic gelatin with Lagrange code is analyzed as a potential candidate for the computational bird model to simulate bird strike case studies. To investigate the practicability, the model is compared with other established Lagrange and SPH EOS models for both rigid and deformable body impacts along with experimental data found in the literature adopting explicit solver Ansys Autodyn. Despite some discrepancies found during rigid body impacts, deformable plate impacts confirm the robustness of the model with significantly faster computation time. Besides, the biggest criticism of the Lagrange model, mesh distortion problem as fluid during bird strike case studies is efficiently tackled by adopting the node erosion algorithm as an effective technique to solve Lagrange bird models without affecting the outcome of the solutions.

A discussion on temperament is found in the writing of Hippocrates under such a heading as Constitution, diathesis Catastasis, etc. Galen has while discussing it at a length given a new dimension to it. The Arab medical authors worked on the theory of temperament most assiduously and finally established it as a principle or norm of treatment. With their penetration they succeeded in locating the relationship between disease, various humors and disturbance of temperament. Although concept of temperament is Several Centuries old, it has endured. Recent Studies have brought this Concept of Temperament once again to the forefront of medical research. Everything in this world animate of inanimate have been attributed a temperament as a result of interaction between qualities (kafiyat) of their Constitution. Ahmad in the view of Ibn -e-sina he quotes Allah most beneficent has furnished every one and each of its member with a Temperament which is entirely the most appropriate and best adopted for the performance of its functions and passive State.