Background: Gram-positive bacterial infections and sepsis are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Results: KLF2 inhibits Gram-positive, bacterial endotoxin-induced HIF-1␣ expression and macrophage activation. Conclusion: Transcription factors KLF2 and HIF-1␣ are critical regulator of Gram-positive sepsis. Significance: Pharmacological agents that modulate the KLF2/HIF-1 pathway may allow for therapeutic gain in the treatment of bacterial infections and sepsis.

Day-ahead electricity pricing is an important strategy for electricity providers to improve grid stability through load scheduling. In this paper, we investigate a general framework for modelling electricity retail pricing based on load demand and market price information. Without any a priori knowledge, we have considered a finite time approach with dynamic system inputs. Our objective is to minimize the average system cost and rebound peaks through energy procurement price, load scheduling and renewable energy source (RES) integration. Initially, the energy consumption cost is calculated based on market clearing price and scheduled load. Then, through reformulation and subsequent modification of optimization problem, we utilize a day-ahead price information to construct individualized price profiles for each user, respectively. To analyse the applicability of proposed pricing policy, analytical solution is obtained which is further validated through comparison with solution obtained from genetic algorithm (GA). From results, it is observed that proposed price policy is non-discriminatory in nature and each user obtained a fair electricity tariff rather than a day-ahead price, which is based on load demand and consumption variation of other users. We also show that optimization problem is sequentially solved with bounded performance guarantee and asymptotic optimality. Finally, simulations are carried in different scenarios; aggregated load and market price, and aggregated load, individualized load, market price and proposed price. Results reveal that our proposed mechanism can charge the price to each user with 23.77% decrease or 5.12% increase based on system requirements. INDEX TERMS Demand response, optimization, non-discriminatory prices, individualized prices, smart grid, renewable energy. NOMENCLATURE

The small sugar industry can afford to idle along using Research and development (R & D) produced (and paid for) by other sugar industries but when it is big with world standards it's a different matter. This study was important because Pakistan is 5th largest producer of sugarcane but it still lacks major advancement in production and marketing. The largest producers are Brazil, India, Thailand, China, and Pakistan accounting for more than 70% of world production. Brazil has the highest area (5.34 million hectares) while Australia has the highest productivity a n d s u g a r c a n e y i e l d (85 tons per hectare). Sugarcane is the second largest cash crop of Pakistan and is being cultivated on 1.06 million hectares with 55 t ha cane yield and sugar yield of 5.5 t ha, contributing around 3.6 % of Gross domestic production. The installed capacity of 85 sugar factories is to produce 7.5 million tons of refined sugar and domestic demand is around 4.5 million tons. This shows it’s export potential of 3.5 million tons, annually.

The experiment was conducted to observe the effectiveness and working duration of PB-Ropes in the cotton season 2018-19. The gossyplure baited traps were installed in the last week of June for monitoring of pink bollworm (PBW) while application of PB-Ropes was done @ 120 ropes / acre at pin head square stage on 30 acres of cotton during 1st week of July. The percent infestation of PBW in green bolls and number of moth catches were recorded from the plots treated with 2 applications of PB-Ropes alone and 1 application of PB-Ropes + insecticide application. The PBropes provide mating disruption for the period of 90 days. The percent infestation ingreen bolls was decreased effectively by two applications of PBropes as compared to one application of PB-Ropes and Control Plot.The number of moth catches were highly reduced in the plot treated with two applications of PB-ropes (6.07 ± 0.70) as compared to one application of PB-ropes (28.05 ± 3.16) and control plot (40.439 ± 3.62). The further application of pesticides was done to decrease the % infestation of pink bollworm in the plots treated with PB-Rope + Triazophos @ 600 ml /acre (9.6061 ± 0.9873), PB-Rope + Bifenthrin 10 % EC@ 250 ml / acre (11.848 ± 1.4921) and PB-Rope + Spintoram 12 % SC (14.273 ± 1.5838). The results of this study also provided best and long term approach to farmers for the effective management of pink bollwormby the two applications of PB-Ropes to cover full cotton season as compared to one application of PB-Ropes. The use of two applications of PB-Ropes proved effective and provides cost benefit to farmer as compared to the use of insecticide for the management of the Pink bollworm.

The experiment was conducted to observe the effectiveness and working duration of PB-Ropes in the cotton season 2018-19. The gossyplure baited traps were installed in the last week of June for monitoring of pink bollworm (PBW) while application of PB-Ropes was done @ 120 ropes / acre at pin head square stage on 30 acres of cotton during 1st week of July. The percent infestation of PBW in green bolls and number of moth catches were recorded from the plots treated with 2 applications of PB-Ropes alone and 1 application of PB-Ropes + insecticide application. The PBropes provide mating disruption for the period of 90 days. The percent infestation ingreen bolls was decreased effectively by two applications of PBropes as compared to one application of PB-Ropes and Control Plot.The number of moth catches were highly reduced in the plot treated with two applications of PB-ropes (6.07 ± 0.70) as compared to one application of PB-ropes (28.05 ± 3.16) and control plot (40.439 ± 3.62). The further application of pesticides was done to decrease the % infestation of pink bollworm in the plots treated with PB-Rope + Triazophos @ 600 ml /acre (9.6061 ± 0.9873), PB-Rope + Bifenthrin 10 % EC@ 250 ml / acre (11.848 ± 1.4921) and PB-Rope + Spintoram 12 % SC (14.273 ± 1.5838). The results of this study also provided best and long term approach to farmers for the effective management of pink bollwormby the two applications of PB-Ropes to cover full cotton season as compared to one application of PB-Ropes. The use of two applications of PB-Ropes proved effective and provides cost benefit to farmer as compared to the use of insecticide for the management of the Pink bollworm.