Since there was a lack of study on the diversity and genetics of marine fishes in Pulau Tinggi, Mersing, Johor could be found to date, this study was conducted to provide a baseline data of species checklist of marine fishes in Pulau Tinggi and to obtain DNA barcodes of the fish specimens using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Sample collection in this study was conducted starting from July to August 2019. Spinning rod (angling), hand-net (manual sampling) and gillnet (mid-water column) were used as sampling methods in this study. All specimens obtained in this study were first identified based on morphological features, followed by a molecular approach for unidentified individuals. The morphological and molecular classification proved that all 183 individuals of marine fishes obtained in this study belonged to 83 species, 58 genera, 36 families, 9 orders and 2 classes. Among 83 species obtained in this study, 74 (89%) possess important values for human use. According to IUCN Red List online platform, 22 species are classified as Not Evaluated (NE), one species is classified as Data Deficient (DD), 56 species are classified as Least Concern (LC), three species are classified as Near Threatened (NT) and the remaining one species is classified as vulnerable (VU). A total of seven bidirectional CO1 barcode sequences were obtained from seven species, six genera and six families. All the sequences obtained have significant E values, which were zero, with percent identity values being more than 98% and query coverage values being more than 89%. The blast results for all the sequences provided correct identification until the species level. For future research, this study has updated the latest checklist of marine fishes from Pulau Tinggi, Mersing, Johor, Malaysia.
There is still a lack of data on the species presence of sea cucumbers in Pulau Tinggi, Johor. Therefore, this study aimed to document the species checklist of sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata: Class Holothuroidea) in Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. The live sea cucumbers were collected for approximately two months from August 2019 to September 2019 during low tide. A total of ten species of sea cucumbers representing one order and two genera were documented. Among the total number of sea cucumbers collected from Pulau Tinggi, five species were under the Holothuria while another five belonged to the genus Stichopus. In Pulau Tinggi, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) was found to be the most prevalent species as it was documented and observed at all sampling sites. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews involving 15 respondents were incorporated during the data collection to obtain more information about the sea cucumber species. This study has contributed to the latest update on the list of sea cucumber species in Pulau Tinggi, as well as more updates related to the benefits of the sea cucumber to the residents, the environmental issues, the management and the conservation of sea cucumber in Pulau Tinggi.
Cephalopods are one of the protein sources in fisheries and their unique look inspires humans in many aspects from arts to engineering. However, there was a lack of studies on cephalopod species presence and genetics in Malaysia especially in the waters of Johor. Therefore, this study aimed to document the species checklist of coastal cephalopods in Pulau Tinggi, Mersing, Johor. The sampling was limited to the coastal area of Kampung Tanjung Balang, Pulau Tinggi. The specimens of cephalopods were obtained through handpicking (for the octopus) and from the local people (for the squids). In this study, the initial species identification of the cephalopod specimens was done based on their morphological characteristics. Their tissue samples were then prepared for DNA sequencing for further species identification using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. The morphological identification and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis results suggested their species status as Octopus laqueus, Sepioteuthis lessoniana and Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis. In conclusion, this study has contributed to the latest update on the checklist of cephalopod species in Pulau Tinggi. Furthermore, adding the COI gene sequences of the local cephalopods in the GenBank database (Accession No.: MN711655-MN711658) will act as a new resource for future research on cephalopod species.
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