Success of organizational initiatives for environmental sustainability hinges upon employees' proenvironmental behaviors. One of the contemporary important challenges faced by HR professionals is to ensure proper integration of environmental sustainability into human resource policies. The green human resource management (green HRM) has emerged from organizations engaging in practices related to protection of environment and maintaining ecological balance. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of green HRM practices (green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and appraisal, green reward and compensation, and green empowerment) on employee's proenvironmental behavior. Moreover, this study is going to test the mediating effect of proenvironmental psychological capital and the moderating effect of environmental knowledge on green HRM practices-proenvironmental behavior. Data from 347 employees working in coal generating, power industry, food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries were collected. Results revealed that green HRM practices positively affected employee's proenvironmental behavior, and proenvironmental psychological capital mediated this link. Employee's environmental knowledge moderated the effect of green HRM practices on proenvironmental behavior. KEYWORDS green empowerment, green HRM, green performance management and appraisal, green recruitment and selection, green reward and compensation, green training and development, proenvironmental behavior, psychological capital

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PurposeThe new growth literature in general is very optimistic about the positive impact that human capital has on the economic growth of countries. Based on this argument, the current paper focusses to investigate the impact of different types of human capital on economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes data for the period 1998 to 2017 and employs suitable econometric techniques.FindingsIt is found that it is not the stock of human capital rather its utilization in terms of average working hours that matters for higher growth. Other than human capital, trade openness and investment are positively associated with growth. On the other hand, inflation has an insignificant impact while employment level has a negative impact on growth. Moreover, for developing countries, the study also revealed that stock of human capital has negatively and average working hours has positively impacted economic growth. Finally, domestic investment and employment level appeared to be the main growth determinants in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsPolicymakers are suggested to ensure the maximum utilization of working hours, trade openness and domestic investment in improving economic growth in OECD countries.Originality/valueThis study has visualized the impact of human capital on economic growth from a new perspective and hence would be useful for policymakers.

Purpose -This study aims to examine the influence of board diversity on the quality of CSR disclosure (QCSR) and propose that this relationship is patterned differently in different contexts and nations, due to their distinctive characteristics.Design/methodology/approach -The resource-based view (RBV) theory is used to evaluate the hypothesized relationship through an empirical investigation of 64 Pakistani financial firms, by applying a random-effects regression and the generalized method of moments (GMM).] Findings -The findings indicate that age, gender, educational level, and educational background diversities positively influence QCSR disclosure. However, nationality, ethnic, and tenure diversities have no significant relationship with QCSR disclosure. The results were further checked by a robust regression and sensitivity analysis.Originality/value -Using RBV theory, this paper provides an additional contribution concerning the role played by board diversity in a firm's strategic performance, particularly CSR disclosure. The article contributes to the literature by finding that there is no unanimous rule for board diversity supporting CSR, due to the unique characteristics of different jurisdictions and institutional contexts.

Purpose The trade–growth nexus has been researched during the past few decades. However, the impact of trade openness on different sectors of the economy is not well explored. The purpose of the current study is to focus on developing countries to examine the impact of trade openness on three main sectors: industrial, service and agricultural. Design/methodology/approach The study applied econometric techniques that control unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity to obtain robust and reliable results. Findings The results revealed that trade openness impacts different sectors differently. Trade openness positively impacts agriculture and industrial sectors, whereas it negatively affects the service sector. A similar trend is observed with regard to employment as it affects service sector negatively and creates a positive impact on other sectors, namely, agriculture and industrial sectors. Furthermore, it was found that human capital has a negative effect on all sectors, whereas financial development has positive effects on service and industrial sectors and negative effect on agriculture sector. The results are robust because of the method of estimation and the addition of some relevant variables. Practical implications The policymakers should focus on trade in agricultural and industrial sectors and should discourage trade in the service sector. Originality/value This study has examined the impact of trade openness on sectoral growth by focusing on the developing world, which is an under-researched area in the literature.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member economies to examine the impact of trade openness on the industrial sector development. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data econometric techniques are used to the data for the period 1980-2013 for the selected six countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Findings – It is found that trade openness has positively and significantly influenced the industrial sector of the sampled countries. Other determinants such as education and investment have also played a key role in helping the selected developing countries to develop their industrial sectors. Practical implications – The study suggests the policy-makers of the SAARC member countries to liberalize international trade substantially to enhance the contributions of industrial sector toward gross domestic product (GDP) and to achieve the dreamed goal of sustainable long-run growth for the region. Originality/value – An explicit relationship between trade openness and industrial sector of the SAARC member economies is yet to be examined.

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