-This study was carried out to investigate lamb mortality in 528 Pak-Karakul and 423 Thalli in Pakistan during [1998][1999]. Mortality was 9 and 12% in the lambs of the two breeds, respectively. In Pak-Karakul lambs, pneumonia rendered the highest morbidity and mortality and all mortalities recorded were in the first week, whereas in Thalli lambs diarrhoea was at the peak, with 82 and 18% mortalities in the first and second week of life respectively. Birth weight of neonates that died was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the lambs that had survived. The correlation revealed a positive and significant (P = 0.000) relationship between birth weights of Pak-Karakul lambs and serum Ig, total proteins and globulin concentration. In Thalli lambs such a relationship was found in serum Ig and globulin concentration. Parity of ewes and sex of lambs in both breeds did not affect mortality rates. Lambs with Ig levels less than 20 zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units died while those with more than 20 ZST-units survived. Dams that lost their lambs had significantly (P < 0.05) lower values of colostral Ig than those with live neonates. Serum Ig concentration in survived neonates of both breeds had significant (P = 0.000) and positive correlation with colostral Ig of their dams. lamb mortality / Pak-Karakul and Thalli sheep / risk factors / Pakistan Résumé -Facteurs de risque de la mortalité des agneaux au Pakistan. Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier la mortalité des agneaux de races Pak-Karakul (n = 528) et Thalli (n = 423) au Pakistan au cours des années 1998 et 1999. La mortalité était respectivement de 9 et 12 % pour les deux races. Pour les agneaux Pak-Karakul, la cause de morbidité la plus élevée a été la pneumonie et tous les cas de mortalité ont été enregistrés durant la première semaine de vie. Concernant les agneaux Thalli, la diarrhée a été à l'origine du plus grand nombre de décès, avec des mortalités de 82 et 18 % la première et la deuxième semaine de vie, respectivement. Le poids de naissance des nouveau-nés morts était inférieur (P < 0,05) à celui des agneaux qui ont survécu. La corrélation de Pearson a permis d'établir (P = 0,000) une relation positive et significative entre les poids à la naissance des agneaux Pak-Karakul et les immunoglobulines (Ig) du sérum, les protéines totales et la concentration en globulines. Chez les agneaux Thalli, une telle relation a été trouvée entre les Ig du sérum et la concentration en globulines. La parité des brebis et le sexe des agneaux dans les deux races n'ont Les brebis ayant perdu leurs agneaux ont eu de manière significative (P < 0,05) un colostrum plus pauvre en Ig que celles avec des nouveau-nés vivants. Pour les deux races, il existe une corrélation significative et positive (P = 0,000) entre la concentration sérologique des Ig chez les nouveau-nés qui ont survécu et la teneur en Ig du colostrum de leur mère.agneau / mortalité / Pak-Karakul / Thalli / facteurs de risque / Pakistan

Context:Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation in children and it occurs in approximately 1:2,000-1:4,000 newborns.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of CH in neonates.Settings and Design:This cross-sectional study was conducted in neonatal units of the Department of Pediatrics Unit-I, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Lady Willington Hospital Lahore in 6 months (January-June 2011).Materials and Methods:Sample was collected by non-probability purposive sampling. After consent, 550 newborn were registered for the study. Demographic data and relevant history was recorded. After aseptic measures, 2-3 ml venous blood analyzed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level by immunoradiometric assay. Treatment was started according to the individual merit as per protocol.Statistical Analysis Used:Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 and Chi-square test was applied to find out the association of CH with different variables.Results:The study population consisted of 550 newborns. Among 550 newborns, 4 (0.8%) newborns had elevated TSH level. CH had statistically significant association with mother's hypothyroidism (P value 0.000) and mother's drug intake during the pregnancy period (P value 0.013).Conclusion:CH is 0.8% in neonates. It has statistically significant association with mother's hypothyroidism and mother's drug intake during pregnancy.

Background: Febrile seizures are one of the most common types of seizure in children, affecting 2% to 5% of all neurologically healthy infants and children. Since fever can exacerbate the symptoms resulting from anemia, relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizure can be the main cause. Objective: To determine the relationship between 1st episode of febrile seizures in iron deficient children aged from six months to five years. Methods: This case control study was performed in Pediatrics department of King Edward Medical College in the duration of six months from January 2014 to June 2014. Two hundred and fifty patients of either sex, aged between 6-60 months, with first episode of febrile seizures were enrolled by non-probability convenient sampling. After obtaining demographic and clinical data, 125 children served as cases (Fever with seizures) while 125 children served as control (Fever with seizures). Hb, MCV, and MCHC, serum ferritin level of both cases and control was determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Odds ratio was found to find out the significant association between iron deficiency anemia and seizures episode in both groups. An odds ratio >1 was considered as significant. Results: Iron deficiency anemia was present in 80(32%). Out of 125(50%), 34(27%) cases and 46(36.8%) controls have normal iron levels. There were 91(72.8%) of cases and 79(63.2%) of control who had low levels of iron in blood. The odds-ratio came out to be 1.55. Conclusion: Considerable association was found of febrile convulsions in iron deficient growing age children. This predicts anemia as an important predictor of fever fit.